Noninfectious pulmonary complications after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a cornerstone for the treatment of high-risk hematologic malignancies. The efficacy of HSCT is limited by transplant-related complications, particularly pulmonary complications. Broadly speaking, the myriads of non-infectious complications that occur after HSCT are less completely understood than infectious complications despite contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. This review covers all major non-infectious pulmonary complications (NIPCs), offering clinical context regarding NIPCs presentation and provoking events while highlighting pathogenesis, knowledge gaps, and emerging therapies.

Keywords: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; Hematopoietic stem cell transplant; Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome; Noninfectious pulmonary complications; Peri-engraftment respiratory distress syndrome.