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. 2025 Sep;94(3):e70156.
doi: 10.1111/aji.70156.

Chemokines and Their Association With Symptom Severity in Women With Endometriosis

Anton Sommar  1   2 , Pinar Yalcin Bahat  3 , Ipek Yildiz Özaydin  4 , Eray Metin Güler  5   6 , Marie Bixo  1 , Torbjörn Bäckström  1 , Engin Oral  7 , Sahruh Turkmen  1   2
Affiliations

Chemokines and Their Association With Symptom Severity in Women With Endometriosis

Anton Sommar et al. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2025 Sep.

Abstract

Problem: Various chemokines have been linked to endometriosis. Notably, chemokines such as CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL1 have also been shown to promote nociception. In this study, we investigated whether increased serum concentrations and endometrial expression of chemokines (specifically CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL1) are associated with heightened severity of pain symptoms in women with endometriosis.

Method of study: The study included women with endometriosis (with [n = 27] and without [n = 24] hormonal treatment) as well as healthy controls (n = 22). All participants underwent blood sampling and an endometrial biopsy during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptom severity in the patient group was assessed using the pain dimension of the Endometriosis Health Profile 30 (EHP-30) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.

Results: Serum levels of CCL2 and CXCL1, as well as endometrial expression of CXCL8, were lower in women with endometriosis compared to controls. Furthermore, increased serum levels of CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL1 were associated with higher EHP-30 pain domain scores in women with endometriosis. Similarly, elevated endometrial expression of CXCL8 and CXCL1 correlated with higher VAS scores. Notably, when the patient group was stratified based on ongoing hormonal treatment, CXCL1 emerged as the most promising target, with both increased serum concentration and endometrial expression consistently being associated with greater symptom severity.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that chemokines, particularly CXCL1, are associated with greater pain severity and reduced quality of life in women with endometriosis. However, these correlations do not establish causality and should be interpreted with caution.

Keywords: CCL2; CXCL1; CXCL8; chemokine; endometriosis; pain.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Endometrial chemokines (arrow) assessed by immunohistochemistry, in healthy controls; (A) CCL2, (B) CXCL8, (C) CXCL1, and in women with endometriosis; (D) CCL2, (E) CXCL8, (F) CXCL1.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The association between CXCL1, CCL2, and CXCL8 and symptom severity (assessed by the pain dimension of the EHP‐30 and VAS) in women with endometriosis, with and without hormone treatment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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