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H J Mustafa¹, J Sheikh², V Berghella³, W A Grobman⁴, A A Shamshirsaz⁵, S J Gordijn⁶, W Ganzevoort⁷, A Roman³, A Khalil^{8

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Affiliations

¹ The Fetal Center at Riley Children's and Indiana University Health, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
² Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
³ Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁴ Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
⁵ Maternal Fetal Care Center (MFCC), Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
⁷ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸ Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK.
⁹ Vascular Biology Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.
¹⁰ Fetal Medicine Unit, Liverpool Women's Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

H J Mustafa et al. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2025.

. 2025 Sep 5.

doi: 10.1002/uog.70033. Online ahead of print.

H J Mustafa¹, J Sheikh², V Berghella³, W A Grobman⁴, A A Shamshirsaz⁵, S J Gordijn⁶, W Ganzevoort⁷, A Roman³, A Khalil^{8

9

10}

¹ The Fetal Center at Riley Children's and Indiana University Health, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
² Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
³ Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁴ Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
⁵ Maternal Fetal Care Center (MFCC), Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁶ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
⁷ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸ Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK.
⁹ Vascular Biology Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.
¹⁰ Fetal Medicine Unit, Liverpool Women's Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

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