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. 2025 Aug 19:14:406.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.162742.3. eCollection 2025.

Review the role of oxygen-delivering nanobubbles in stroke therapy: A novel approach

Hamzah Hamzah  1 , Suryanti Suryanti  2   3 , Idris Adewale Ahmed  2 , Bambang Pujo Semedi  4 , Abdullah Machin  4 , Aditya Tri Hernowo  5
Affiliations

Review the role of oxygen-delivering nanobubbles in stroke therapy: A novel approach

Hamzah Hamzah et al. F1000Res. .

Abstract

Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. The advent of nanotechnology, particularly oxygen-delivering nanobubbles (ODNBs), has introduced a promising avenue for enhancing stroke therapy. ODNBs have demonstrated the ability to improve oxygen delivery, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and provide diagnostic advantages through imaging contrast enhancement. However, challenges such as toxicity, off-target effects, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed before clinical translation. This review synthesizes the latest findings on ODNBs in stroke therapy, highlights their key benefits and challenges, and explores future applications, including gene therapy and brain tissue regeneration. By addressing these aspects, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of ODNBs in revolutionizing stroke treatment.

Keywords: ischemic; nanobubles; oxygen; role; stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. PRISMA flow diagram of the study selection process.
The diagram illustrates the identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion of studies in the systematic review. Reasons for exclusion at each stage are provided. Adapted from the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The full checklist and flow diagram are available via Zenodo.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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