CT scoring system to Defined Thrombus Distribution in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

Objective: Characterisation of thrombus is important for guiding treatment in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This study presents a novel scoring system for visual assessment of CTEPH on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), incorporating both disease location and extent to determine the impact on survival outcomes.

Methods: Patients with CTEPH were identified retrospectively from the ASPIRE registry. The scoring system emphasises disease based on their predominant location as central, segmental and distal disease. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox-regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Results: 208 patients with CTEPH were included (mean age 66 ± 13.6 years, 52.4% female). Mosaic perfusion and infarction were commonly seen in patients with distal disease (92% and 88%). Patients with central and distal disease had more severe pulmonary haemodynamics and lower gas transfer (TLCO) than patients with segmental disease. Central and distal disease showed similar survival, whereas survival was worse in central compared to segmental disease for all patients (p < 0.001), including those undergoing (p < 0.04) and not undergoing endarterectomy (p < 0.001). Central disease was an independent predictor of mortality in those not undergoing endarterectomy (hazard ratio 1.9, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Our scoring system showed excellent interobserver agreement. Thromboembolic disease location was shown to be a predictor of mortality, with central disease independently associated with shorter survival in patients not undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy.

Advances in knowledge: This is a novel scoring system for characterising CTEPH on CTPA, considering disease location and extent. It provides disease location as a predictor of survival, introducing a new framework for patient stratification and clinical decision-making.