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Meta-Analysis
. 2025 Sep 5;11(36):eadq5147.
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adq5147. Epub 2025 Sep 5.

Planetary Health Diet and risk of mortality and chronic diseases: Results from US NHANES, UK Biobank, and a meta-analysis

Yuanyuan Wang  1 , Da Pan  1 , Chen Zhang  1 , Dengfeng Xu  1 , Yifei Lu  1 , Shiyu Yin  1 , Pei Wang  1   2 , Jiayue Xia  1 , Junhui Yu  1 , Lirong Dong  3 , Guiju Sun  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Planetary Health Diet and risk of mortality and chronic diseases: Results from US NHANES, UK Biobank, and a meta-analysis

Yuanyuan Wang et al. Sci Adv. .

Abstract

The health benefits of the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) require further validation. We examined associations between PHD adherence and risks of mortality and chronic diseases using data from two prospective cohorts-the US NHANES (1999-2018, 42,947 participants) and the UKB (125,372 participants)-and a meta-analysis of 37 published cohort studies (3,244,263 participants). Higher adherence to PHD was associated with lower all-cause mortality in both cohorts. In the UKB, it was also associated with reduced the risk of cancer and respiratory disease mortality. In the meta-analysis, higher adherence to the PHD was associated with lower risks of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and reduced risks of colorectal cancer, lung cancer, CVDs, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. This analysis suggests that higher adherence to the PHD may offer substantial health benefits.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. Estimated contribution of each food group of PHD to GHGe.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. Association between PHD scores and mortality from major diseases in US NHANES.
* denotes model adjusted for age and sex; # denotes model further adjusted for total energy intake, race, education level, smoking, alcohol, income level, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes; $ denotes model further adjusted for BMI.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.. Association between PHD scores and mortality from major diseases in UKB.
* denotes model adjusted for age and sex; # denotes model further adjusted for total energy intake, race, education level, smoking, alcohol, income level, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes; $ denotes model further adjusted for BMI.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.. Spline analyses from the dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies of PHD scores and major health outcomes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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