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Review
. 2025 Aug 21:16:1639065.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1639065. eCollection 2025.

Novel advances on pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome

Qing-Nan Zhu  1 , Xiang-Bo Qi  1 , Shu-Wei Ren  1 , Yu-Ye Li  1 , Ze-Wen Yan  1 , Yu Sun  1 , Yan Shi  1 , Qing-Si Wen  1 , Mao-Mao Wu  1 , Da-Peng Wang  2
Affiliations
Review

Novel advances on pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome

Qing-Nan Zhu et al. Front Immunol. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis, pregnancy-related complications, and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. These manifestations pose significant risks to patient health and reproductive outcomes. Initially regarded as a manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), APS exhibits a close epidemiological association with SLE, occurring at significantly higher incidence in SLE patients. The precise pathophysiological relationship between these diseases remains unclear. Nevertheless, as an independent clinical disease, research on APS pathological mechanisms continues to advance comprehensively. The publication of the "2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria" provides refined diagnostic standards. Consequently, this review synthesizes prior studies to clarify APS pathophysiological mechanisms, explore its relationship with SLE, update emerging treatments, and provide insights for clinical management.

Keywords: anticoagulants; antiphospholipid syndrome; systemic lupus erythematosus; thromboinflammation; thrombosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): cellular mechanisms.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Manifestation of APS.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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