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Review
. 2025 Nov;43(11):1281-1292.
doi: 10.1007/s40273-025-01537-5. Epub 2025 Sep 8.

Highlights from the Manifesto on the Health Economics of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Zanfina Ademi #  1 , Sheridan E Rodda #  2 , Karl Vivoda  2 , Susan Hennessy  3 , Olive Fenton  4 , James S Ware  5   6   7 ; Global Heart Hub Manifesto
Affiliations
Review

Highlights from the Manifesto on the Health Economics of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Zanfina Ademi et al. Pharmacoeconomics. 2025 Nov.

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to the health and economic burden of disease globally. In this paper we discuss the literature on the health economics of the prevention and early intervention in CVD. We reveal the large economic impact of CVD and provide the economic argument supporting the calls for early detection and diagnosis of CVD outlined in the Global Heart Hub's patient-led Manifesto for Change. Many challenges in conducting cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions for CVD prevention are identified, as well as the emerging statistical and economic methods to help overcome these issues. Lastly, we acknowledge the profound disparities in cardiovascular health faced by minority or underserved populations, and the important role that prevention and early intervention can play in improving health equity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. Zanfina Ademi is an Editorial Board Member of PharmacoEconomics. She was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Ethics approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Data availability: Not applicable. Code availability: Not applicable. Author contributions: Conception and methodology: SR, ZA, KV, SH, OF and JW. Data acquisition and analysis: SR and ZA. Drafting of the manuscript: SR and ZA. Critical reviewing of manuscript for intellectual content: ZA, KV, SH, OF and JW. Supervision: ZA. Final approval of the version to be published: SR, ZA, KV, SH, OF and JW.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cumulative disease incidence by age with early vs later intervention. Modified from Morton and Ademi [31]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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