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. 2025 Oct;16(10):907-922.
doi: 10.1080/20415990.2025.2557183. Epub 2025 Sep 9.

Exploring the hypoglycemic potential of HuGLP-1-loaded bilosomes in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mayur Kedarnath Vidhate  1 , Shyam Sudhakar Gomte  1 , Naveen Singh  1 , Dimpal Suthar  1 , Aakanchha Jain  1
Affiliations

Exploring the hypoglycemic potential of HuGLP-1-loaded bilosomes in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mayur Kedarnath Vidhate et al. Ther Deliv. 2025 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most devastating disease and it necessitates therapeutic intervention for its effective management. Human Glucagon-like peptide-1 (HuGLP-1) is the potential candidate in the treatment of T2DM; however, it limits its utilization owing to its solubility and stability issues.

Aims: The current investigation aims to develop HuGLP-1-loaded bilosomes as a novel strategy for managing T2DM.

Materials and methods: The HuGLP-1-loaded bilosomes were developed and characterized for its size, polydispersity index, surface charge, entrapment efficiency, morphology, drug release, and stability studies. The hypoglycemic potential and histopathology were studied using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Results: Bilosomes were successfully developed with size of 197.96 ± 0.61 nm, polydispersity index 0.191 ± 0.01 and surface charge of -27.63 ± 1.02 mV. The in vitro release of HuGLP-1-loaded bilosomes showed sustained release profile of HuGLP-1 extending over 24-h period, in compared to plain HuGLP-1 solution, and follows Weibull release kinetics model. The HuGLP-1-loaded bilosomes revealed significant hypoglycemic effects in comparison to both oral and subcutaneous HuGLP-1 solutions. Histopathological evaluations revealed that HuGLP-1-loaded bilosomes showed promising improvement in histology of liver, kidney, and intestines.

Conclusion: The HuGLP-1-loaded bilosomes were found to be potential therapeutic approach for the effective management of T2DM.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; antidiabetic; bilosomes; drug delivery; human glucagon like peptide-1.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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