Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2025 Sep 10;41(1):291.
doi: 10.1007/s00383-025-06187-4.

The timing of cryptorchidism surgery: analysis of the contradiction between guideline consensus and clinical practice implementation

Weiyan Tang  1 , Yi Wei  2   3   4
Affiliations
Review

The timing of cryptorchidism surgery: analysis of the contradiction between guideline consensus and clinical practice implementation

Weiyan Tang et al. Pediatr Surg Int. .

Abstract

Cryptorchidism is one of the most common reproductive malformations in children, and the timing of surgery significantly impacts fertility and the risk of testicular cancer. Although international guidelines currently recommend testicular fixation within 6-18 months to improve prognosis, many children worldwide undergo surgery later than the recommended age. Delays in surgery are particularly significant in developing countries. This discrepancy may be influenced by factors such as ethnicity, comorbid malformations, economic status, and disease staging. This article provides an overview of global cryptorchidism guideline development and clinical realities, exploring the reasons behind surgical timing disparities to inform the revision of guidelines and improve treatment strategies and prognosis for children with cryptorchidism.

Keywords: Clinical practice; Cryptorchidism; Guideline consensus; Influencing factors; Surgical timing.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Villanueva CA (2024) Cryptorchidism. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)
    1. Batra NV, DeMarco RT, Bayne CE (2021) A narrative review of the history and evidence-base for the timing of orchidopexy for cryptorchidism. J Pediatr Urol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.01.013 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kolon TF, Herndon CD, Baker LA et al (2014) Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline. J Urol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.005 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Hadziselimovic F, Herzog B et al (2001) The importance of both an early orchidopexy and germ cell maturation for fertility. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06274-2 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Geada A, Jivanji D, Tennenbaum DM et al (2024) Long-term impact of commonly performed operations in pediatric urology on reproductive and sexual health. Ther Adv Urol. https://doi.org/10.1177/17562872241249083 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

LinkOut - more resources