Conflict of interest EJD has received consulting fees and salary from Obthera, Inc, over the last 36 months. She has also received honorarium and travel reimbursement from Roman Health Ventures, Inc. DBA or his institutions on his behalf have received grants, contracts, gifts, or payments from Ro, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Radicle, Weight Watchers, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and numerous other government, non-profit, and for profit entities with interests in nutrition, obesity, health, and scientific methods. BCJ is a GRADE working group member and has received a start-up grant from Texas A&M AgriLife Research to fund investigator-initiated research related to saturated and polyunsaturated fats. The grant was from Texas A&M AgriLife institutional funds from interest and investment earnings, not a sponsoring organization, industry, or company. BCJ has received National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) R25 funds to support training resources in evidence-based nutrition practice. MB has received research funding from Novo Nordisk related to the GLP-1 medicine (liraglutide) and served on the speaker’s bureau at Novo Nordisk during the launch of Saxenda.® He currently holds common stock in Eli Lily, Novo Nordisk and Aardvark Therapeutics. TIAS is affiliated with research centers and engaged in research projects supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. SK is a consultant for Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, WW, Vivus, Currax, Boehringer Ingelheim. JOH is a consultant for General Mills and McCormick Science Institute. He receives research funding from General Mills, National Cattlemen’s Beef Association and the National Dairy Council. LJC is an advisor to Aardvark Therapeutics and holds stock in Eli Lilly and Aardvark Therapeutics; he is site PI of clinical trials of a GLP-1 agent from Viking Therapeutics. RLA has no current conflicts of interest but in the past he or his institutions on his behalf have received grants, contracts, gifts, or payments from numerous companies, profit and non-profit organizations, and governmental agencies involved with obesity drugs and nutritional interventions. He was a Scientific Advisor to Novo Nordisk during the development and marketing of liraglutide and semaglutide. HCG holds the McMaster-Sanofi Population Health Institute Chair in Diabetes Research and Care. He reports research grants from Novo Nordisk; continuing education grants from Eli Lilly, Abbott, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim; honoraria for speaking from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Zuellig, and Jiangsu Hanson; and consulting fees from Abbott, Bayer, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk, and holds a patent for the use of GDF15 as a biomarker for metformin intake. SMP: None. PMC does not have any conflicts related to the topic of this letter. He is Chair of the Board of Trustees of the American Society for Nutrition Foundation. TKK has received consulting fees from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Emerald Lake Safety, Novo Nordisk, Nutrisystem, and Roman Health Ventures. JWE is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences and a Scientific Advisor for the Soy Nutrition Institute-Global. JA does not have any conflicts related to the topic of this letter. SBR is an Independent Board Member of Danone and founder of iDiet (www.theidiet.com). DK is a consultant to the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, Dyets Inc, and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. He is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Nutrition. He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of The Nutrient Institute and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences. SBH Medical Advisory Boards for Abbott, Regeneron, Lilly, and Tanita Corp. On data safety monitoring committee for Novo Nordisk. GMT reports equity and salary from Vineyard Health, Inc, and advisory activities and equity in Prism Labs, Inc. In the past 36 months, he has received honoraria and/or travel reimbursement from Harvard Medical School, Abbott Nutrition Health Institute, and the Texas Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine. He has received equipment donations from several manufacturers of body composition assessment equipment. He also owns common stock in Altimmune and Global Medical, Inc. RC-C, JF, and KAK have no conflicts of interest to disclose.