Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2025 Aug 30;16(4):1763-1767.
doi: 10.21037/jgo-2025-386. Epub 2025 Aug 25.

Rethinking surrogate endpoints in metastatic colorectal cancer: counting chickens only when they hatch

Affiliations
Editorial

Rethinking surrogate endpoints in metastatic colorectal cancer: counting chickens only when they hatch

Luis I Ruffolo et al. J Gastrointest Oncol. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Hepatic resection; colorectal liver metastases (CRLM); overall survival (OS); salvage therapy; surrogate endpoints.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: Both authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-2025-386/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Comment on

  • First-Line Systemic Treatment for Initially Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Post Hoc Analysis of the CAIRO5 Randomized Clinical Trial.
    Bond MJG, Bolhuis K, Loosveld OJL, de Groot JWB, Droogendijk H, Helgason HH, Hendriks MP, Klaase JM, Kazemier G, Liem MSL, Rijken AM, Verhoef C, de Wilt JHW, de Jong KP, Gerhards MF, van Amerongen MJ, Engelbrecht MRW, van Lienden KP, Hermans JJ, Molenaar IQ, Grünhagen DJ, de Valk B, Haberkorn BCM, Kerver ED, Erdkamp F, van Alphen RJ, Mathijssen-van Stein D, Komurcu A, May AM, Swijnenburg RJ, Punt CJA; Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. Bond MJG, et al. JAMA Oncol. 2025 Jan 1;11(1):36-45. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.5174. JAMA Oncol. 2025. PMID: 39570583 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.

References

    1. Prentice RL. Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: definition and operational criteria. Stat Med 1989;8:431-40. 10.1002/sim.4780080407 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bond MJG, Bolhuis K, Loosveld OJL, et al. First-Line Systemic Treatment for Initially Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Post Hoc Analysis of the CAIRO5 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2025;11:36-45. 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.5174 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bond MJG, Bolhuis K, Loosveld OJL, et al. First-line systemic treatment strategies in patients with initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CAIRO5): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study from the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. Lancet Oncol 2023;24:757-71. 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00219-X - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kanemitsu Y, Shimizu Y, Mizusawa J, et al. Hepatectomy Followed by mFOLFOX6 Versus Hepatectomy Alone for Liver-Only Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (JCOG0603): A Phase II or III Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:3789-99. 10.1200/JCO.21.01032 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ecker BL, Lee J, Saadat LV, et al. Recurrence-free survival versus overall survival as a primary endpoint for studies of resected colorectal liver metastasis: a retrospective study and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2022;23:1332-42. 10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00506-X - DOI - PubMed