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. 2025 Jun;14(1):e1-e133.
doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2024.12.001. Epub 2025 May 20.

China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) 2017-2018 Annual Data Report

Luxia Zhang  1   2   3   4   5   6 , Ming-Hui Zhao  1   4   7 , Li Zuo  8 , Hong Zhang  1   4 , Yue Wang  9 , Haibo Wang  10 , Feng Yu  11 , Chao Yang  1   3   4   5   6 , Bixia Gao  1   4   6 ; CK-NET Work Group
Affiliations

China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) 2017-2018 Annual Data Report

Luxia Zhang et al. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2025 Jun.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of CKD among different types of underlying disease. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Patients with CKD, stratified by sex and age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Patients with CKD, stratified by urban versus rural area. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Staging of CKD, stratified by hospital nephrology unit. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Age distribution of patients with CKD, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Sex distribution of patients with CKD, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Cause distribution of patients with CKD. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Cause distribution of patients with CKD, stratified by urban versus rural area. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Cause distribution of patients with CKD, stratified by geographic region. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. C, Central China; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; E, East China; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; N, North China; NE, Northeast China; NW, Northwest China; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons; S, South China; SW, Southwest China.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Mobility pattern of patients with CKD. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. C, Central China; CKD, chronic kidney disease; E, East China; N, North China; NE, Northeast China; NW, Northwest China; S, South China; SW, Southwest China. The reference line represents the overall percentage of cross-provincial hospitalization of CKD (2017: 5.53%; 2018: 5.66%).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Prevalence of CVD, stratified by patient group. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Prevalence of CHD, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Prevalence of CHD, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. The point size refers to the percentage of CHD.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Prevalence of stroke, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Prevalence of stroke, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. The point size refers to the percentage of stroke.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Prevalence of heart failure, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Prevalence of heart failure, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. The point size refers to the percentage of heart failure.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. The point size refers to the percentage of atrial fibrillation.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Prevalence of CVD among patients with CKD. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Prevalence of CHD among patients with CKD, stratified by cause and sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons.
Figure 22
Figure 22
Prevalence of CHD among patients with CKD, stratified by cause and age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons. The point size refers to the percentage of CHD.
Figure 23
Figure 23
Prevalence of stroke among patients with CKD, stratified by cause and sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons.
Figure 24
Figure 24
Prevalence of stroke among patients with CKD, stratified by cause and age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons. The point size refers to the percentage of stroke.
Figure 25
Figure 25
Prevalence of heart failure among patients with CKD, stratified by cause and sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons.
Figure 26
Figure 26
Prevalence of heart failure among patients with CKD, stratified by cause and age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons. The point size refers to the percentage of heart failure.
Figure 27
Figure 27
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with CKD, stratified by cause and sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons.
Figure 28
Figure 28
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation among patients with CKD, stratified by cause and age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons. The point size refers to the percentage of atrial fibrillation.
Figure 29
Figure 29
Cardiovascular procedures stratified by patient group. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAG, coronarography; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
Figure 30
Figure 30
Cardiovascular procedure: CAG, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CAG, coronarography; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 31
Figure 31
Cardiovascular procedure: CAG, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CAG, coronarography; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. The point size refers to the percentage of CAG.
Figure 32
Figure 32
Cardiovascular procedure: PCI, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
Figure 33
Figure 33
Cardiovascular procedure: PCI, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. The point size refers to the percentage of PCI.
Figure 34
Figure 34
Cardiovascular procedure: CABG, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 35
Figure 35
Cardiovascular procedure: CABG, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. The point size refers to the percentage of CABG.
Figure 36
Figure 36
Cardiovascular procedure: pacemaker, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 37
Figure 37
Cardiovascular procedure: pacemaker, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. The point size refers to the percentage of pacemaker.
Figure 38
Figure 38
Cardiovascular procedures in patients with CKD. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAG, coronarography; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
Figure 39
Figure 39
Costs stratified by types of health insurance. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; NRCMS, new rural cooperative medical care; UBMI, Urban Basic Medical Insurance. Limited to 1.5 times the third quartile. The red points refer to cost per person per year.
Figure 40
Figure 40
Costs stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. Limited to 1.5 times the third quartile. The red points refer to cost per person per year.
Figure 41
Figure 41
Costs stratified by age group (mean). (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 42
Figure 42
LOS stratified by types of health insurance. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; LOS, length of stay; NRCMS, new rural cooperative medical care; UBMI, Urban Basic Medical Insurance. Limited to 1.5 times the third quartile. The red points refer to LOS per person per year.
Figure 43
Figure 43
LOS stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; LOS, length of stay. Limited to 1.5 times the third quartile. The red points refer to LOS per person per year.
Figure 44
Figure 44
LOS stratified by age group (mean). (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; LOS, length of stay.
Figure 45
Figure 45
In-hospital mortality stratified by different types of health insurance. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; NRCMS, new rural cooperative medical care; UBMI, Urban Basic medical Insurance.
Figure 46
Figure 46
In-hospital mortality stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Figure 47
Figure 47
In-hospital mortality stratified by age group. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus. The point size refers to mortality rate.
Figure 48
Figure 48
Percentage of AKI with and without an ICU stay, stratified by geographic region. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. AKI, acute kidney injury; C, Central China; E, East China; ICU, intensive care unit; N, North China; NE, Northeast China; NW, Northwest China; S, South China; SW, Southwest China.
Figure 49
Figure 49
Percentage of AKI among patients with CKD. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTIN, chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy; Others, chronic kidney disease due to other reasons.
Figure 50
Figure 50
Age distribution of patients with AKI, stratified by sex. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. AKI, acute kidney injury.
Figure 51
Figure 51
Sex distribution of patients with AKI, stratified by age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. AKI, acute kidney injury.
Figure 52
Figure 52
Percentage of CKD among patients with AKI, stratified by sex and age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease.
Figure 53
Figure 53
Percentage of diabetes mellitus among patients with AKI, stratified by sex and age. (a) 2017. (b) 2018. AKI, acute kidney injury.
Figure 54
Figure 54
Distribution of patients on HD and PD among different hospital levels. HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 55
Figure 55
Percentage of patients on dialysis who underwent 1 or more measurements of (a) hemoglobin and (b) serum ferritin in 2017. HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 56
Figure 56
Percentage of patients on dialysis who underwent 1 or more measurements of (a) serum calcium, (b) serum phosphorus, and (c) serum parathyroid hormone in 2017. HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 57
Figure 57
Percentage of patients on dialysis receiving anemia-related treatment. EPO, erythropoietin; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 58
Figure 58
Percentage of patients on dialysis receiving MBD-related treatment. HD, hemodialysis; MBD, mineral and bone disorder; P, phosphorus; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 59
Figure 59
Percentage of patients on dialysis who underwent blood albumin testing. HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 60
Figure 60
Diabetes-related examinations in patients with diabetes on dialysis. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 61
Figure 61
Percentages of different types of CVD among patients on dialysis, stratified by modality. AF, atrial fibrillation; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVA/TIA, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HD, hemodialysis; HF, heart failure; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 62
Figure 62
Percentages of patients on dialysis receiving cardiovascular procedures, stratified by modality. HD, hemodialysis; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Figure 63
Figure 63
Geographic distribution of the provinces of Hunan, Jiangsu, Ningxia, and Zhejiang in China. Note: Zhejiang and Jiangsu are in East China, Ningxia is in North China, and Hunan is in Central China.
Figure 64
Figure 64
Cumulative association between ambient high temperature and the risk of hospitalizations for CKD over 0–7 days, stratified by age, sex, and cause of CKD. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; HTN, hypertensive nephropathy; ON, obstructive nephropathy.
Figure 65
Figure 65
Management of CKD from a multidimensional perspective. CKD, chronic kidney disease.
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