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Review
. 2025 Sep 16.
doi: 10.1111/jan.70201. Online ahead of print.

Scoping Review of Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research in Ireland

John P Gilmore  1 , Tonda L Hughes  2 , Sean Kearns  1 , Laurie A Drabble  3 , Diarmuid Stokes  4 , Siobhán D Thomas  5 , Chris Noone  6 , Lauren Bochicchio  2
Affiliations
Review

Scoping Review of Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research in Ireland

John P Gilmore et al. J Adv Nurs. .

Abstract

Aim: To map existing sexual and gender minority (SGM) health research in Ireland, identify gaps in literature and outline priorities for future research and healthcare. SGM is an umbrella term that includes people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or intersex and is sometimes abbreviated as LGBTQI+.

Design: A scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024.

Methods: The review followed Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and PRISMA-ScR framework for scoping reviews. Articles were identified through systematic database searches and screened independently by reviewers.

Data sources: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Embase were searched for articles published between January 2014 and April 2024. Sixty studies met inclusion criteria.

Results: The review highlighted a disproportionate focus on gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM), particularly regarding HIV and sexual health. Mental health research revealed high levels of anxiety, depression and suicidality, largely attributed to minority stress and systemic discrimination. Transgender health studies documented barriers to accessing gender-affirming care and mental health services. Few studies explored experiences of sexual minority women, older SGM individuals or intersex people. Intersectional perspectives on race, disability and socio-economic status were notably absent.

Conclusion: SGM health research in Ireland reflects significant progress in documenting disparities in mental and sexual health. However, there is a lack of representation for some groups. There is also limited attention to intersectionality. Systematic gaps in sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data impede targeted policymaking and service delivery.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care: Findings underscore the need for inclusive, culturally competent healthcare services, better integration of SGM health topics into nursing education, and community-centred interventions. Addressing structural barriers and improving provider competence can enhance equitable healthcare access for SGM populations.

Impact: This review addresses the fragmented state of SGM health research in Ireland, highlighting gaps in representation and systemic issues.

No patient or public contribution: Authorship includes individuals from various sexual and gender minority communities.

Keywords: Ireland; LGBTQI+; health inequalities; mental health; minority stress; nursing; sexual and gender minority health; sexual health; transgender healthcare.

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References

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