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. 2025 Sep 17;19(1):614.
doi: 10.1007/s11701-025-02788-2.

Knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of telesurgery and robotic surgery among medical students and health professionals in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Makhdoom Bilawal  1 , Rafay Shahab Ansari  1 , Aqsa Abdul Majeed  2 , Kanza Farhan  3 , Sardar Noman Qayyum  4 , Areesha Shams Memon  5 , Bushra Iqbal  6 , Maha Raja Dahar  7 , Sham U Aiman  6 , Irfan Ullah  8
Affiliations

Knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of telesurgery and robotic surgery among medical students and health professionals in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Makhdoom Bilawal et al. J Robot Surg. .

Abstract

Telesurgery refers to the surgical procedures performed by surgeons with the help of computer or satellite-linked robotic instruments when patients are in distant areas where a surgeon's physical presence is challenging. This innovative technology has great potential, particularly in providing access to specialized surgical care in remote or underserved areas. This innovation integrates telecommunication networks with robotic surgery and offers enhanced precision, reduced invasiveness, and faster patient recovery. As telesurgery continues to evolve, understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of healthcare professionals is crucial for its successful integration into medical practice. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,053 medical students and health professionals aged 18 and above in Karachi, Pakistan. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed a self-administered questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of telesurgery. The study reported that 93.9% of participants had heard about telesurgery. However, only 33.6% correctly identified the concept. Acceptance of telesurgery was reported by 44.9% of participants, while 12.1% remained uncertain. Significant associations were found between knowledge and factors such as gender, clinical status, and professional experience (p < 0.05). Participants identified high costs and reliance on technology as major barriers, while rural areas and emergency scenarios were seen as key contexts for telesurgery's application. This study offers a thorough grasp of the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of medical students and professionals regarding the application of telesurgery, which will be heightened by initiating awareness programs and training sessions that will enlighten the importance of telesurgery.

Keywords: Audiovisual technologies; Remote robotic surgery; Robot-assisted surgery; Telesurgery; TiRobotic system.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: The study has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Ziauddin University with protocol reference # 091023MRA5. Informed consent was taken from the participants prior to their participation in our study. Ethical Considerations: The study followed the ethical guidelines as per the HELSINKI declaration. Consent for publication: Not applicable.

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