Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ² Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ³ Data Science and Advanced Analytics, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴ Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁵ School of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• ⁶ Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁷ Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
• ⁸ Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁹ Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹⁰ Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Data Science and Advanced Analytics, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹¹ Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• ¹² Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.