Forensic Dermatology Is an Integral Subspecialty of Forensic Medicine

Abstract

Forensic dermatology includes the evaluation of not only the skin and mucosa of a decedent but also that person's nails and hair. In addition to assessing decedents, forensic dermatology also encompasses the evaluation of victims of abuse, assault, deprivation, human trafficking, neglect, and torture. The dermatologist can contribute to the assessment of decedents; they can provide insight regarding the differentiation of both medication-associated reactions and benign melanocytic lesions from trauma to the skin or mucous membranes. Evaluation of nails for possible exposure to heavy metal poisoning can also be performed by the forensic dermatologist. In addition, an estimate of the time since death, the victim's body position when he or she died, and the possible cause of death can be determined when the dermatologist evaluates the decedent's lividity. Salient information can be obtained during the evaluation of tattoos by a forensic dermatologist; a unique tattoo, such as a mastectomy tattoo, or the presence of four or more random concordant tattoos, based on comparison to antemortem documentation, can possibly be used to establish a positive identification of the decedent. The pillars of forensic dermatology are collaboration, documentation, and education. A colorimetric scale for the forensic evaluation of decedents with skin of color has been established by the collaboration between a dermatologist and forensic pathologists. A template for a forensic dermatology expert analytical report, to communicate the observations made during a forensic dermatology consultation, has also been developed. Training in forensic dermatology for medical students and physicians is warranted. Subspecialties of forensic medicine traditionally include anthropology, ballistics, botany, entomology, and odontology. Forensic dermatology has recently been introduced to be a growing component of global forensic practice. In conclusion, forensic dermatology is an integral subspecialty of forensic medicine.

Keywords: color; dermatology; forensic; human; medicine; pathology; report; skin; torture; trafficking.