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. 2025 Sep 30;122(39):e2519485122.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2519485122. Epub 2025 Sep 19.

Counterfactual history

James Rodger Fleming  1
Affiliations

Counterfactual history

James Rodger Fleming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests statement:The author declares no competing interest.

References

    1. Santer B., et al. , Human influence on climate detectable in the late 19th century. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 122, 10.1073/pnas.2500829122 (2025). - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fleming J. R., Arrhenius and current climate concerns: Continuity or a 100-year gap? EOS. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 79, 409–410 (1998).
    1. Arrhenius S., On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground. Phil. Mag. ser. 5, 237–276 (1896).
    1. Fleming J. R., The Callendar Effect: The Life and Work of Guy Stewart Callendar (1898–1964), The Scientist Who Established the Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climate Change (American Meteorological Society, Boston, 2007).

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