Prevalence of Peri-implant Diseases and Association with Risk Factors: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

Abstract

Purpose: The goal of this prospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant diseases and factors associated with their occurrence in patients rehabilitated with osseointegrated dental implants.

Material and methods: Seventy-seven patients with 343 dental implants, in function for at least one year, was enrolled. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed, and cases were classified according to the current classification definitions. Descriptive analyses of the complication prevalence were conducted. Risk indicators for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis at the patient level were analyzed using binary logistic regression, and a generalized estimating equation was applied at the implant level.

Results: Of the 77 participating individuals, 6 (7.8%) showed peri-implant health, 4 (5.2%) had clinical stability, 35 (45.5%) presented with mucositis, and 32 (41.6%) had peri-implantitis. Among the 343 implants analyzed, 134 (39.1%) had peri-implant health, 13 (3.8%) were clinically stable, 140 (40.8%) had mucositis, and 56 (16.3%) presented with peri-implantitis. Bleeding on probing and the external hexagon platform were significantly associated with mucositis. An increased number of implants per patient, active periodontal disease, and an internal hexagon platform were significantly associated with peri-implantitis. Preventive maintenance did not show a significant association with biological disorders.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that biological peri-implant complications are highly prevalent and may be associated with various patient- and implant-related risk factors, consistent with existing literature. Such characteristics should be considered during early planning stages to help minimize peri-implant biological complications.

Keywords: clinical study; dental implants; mucositis; peri-implantitis; risk factors.