HDL cholesterol as an associate of prevalent coronary artery disease in heterozygous Familial hypercholesterolemia beyond LDL cholesterol

Christos V Rizos^#¹, Genovefa Kolovou^#², Vana Kolovou², George Liamis¹, Ioannis Skoumas³, Loukianos Rallidis⁴, Anastasia Garoufi⁵, George Sfikas⁶, Athanasios Penopoulos⁷, Emmanouil Skalidis⁸, Kimon Stamatelopoulos⁹, Vasileios Kotsis¹⁰, Michalis Doumas¹¹, Vaia Lambadiari¹², Panagiotis Anagnostis¹³, Evgenia Mavrokefalou¹⁴, Amalia Boufidou¹⁵, Vasiliki Giannakopoulou¹⁶, Georgia Anastasiou^{1

17}, Ermioni Petkou¹, Charalambos Vlachopoulos³, Ioanna Dima³, Fakas Georgios⁴, Konstantinos A Papathanasiou⁴, Achilleas Attilakos¹⁸, Charalambos Koumaras⁶, Dimitrios Agapakis⁷, Evangelos Zacharis⁸, Chrysoula Moustou⁹, Christina Antza¹⁰, Chrysoula Boutari¹¹, Aikaterini Kountouri¹², Eleni Mpellou¹³, Elisavet Prodromiadou⁶, Evangelos Liberopoulos¹⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
² Cardiometabolic Center, LA apheresis Unit, Lipid Clinic, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece.
³ 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Lipids' Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁵ Second Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Children's Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou", Athens, Greece.
⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁷ 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁸ Cardiology Clinic, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
⁹ Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
¹⁰ 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹¹ 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹² 2nd Propaedeutic Internal Medicine Department and Diabetes Research Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹³ 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹⁴ 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹⁵ 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹⁶ Cardiology Clinic, "Tzaneio" General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
¹⁷ Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, C' Pediatrics Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹⁹ 1st Propaedeutic Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece. elibero@med.uoa.gr.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 40974504
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-025-04427-0

HDL cholesterol as an associate of prevalent coronary artery disease in heterozygous Familial hypercholesterolemia beyond LDL cholesterol

Christos V Rizos et al. Endocrine. 2025.

. 2025 Sep 20.

doi: 10.1007/s12020-025-04427-0. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
² Cardiometabolic Center, LA apheresis Unit, Lipid Clinic, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece.
³ 1st Cardiology Department, Athens Medical School, Lipids' Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁵ Second Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Children's Hospital "P. & A. Kyriakou", Athens, Greece.
⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁷ 1st Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁸ Cardiology Clinic, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
⁹ Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
¹⁰ 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹¹ 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹² 2nd Propaedeutic Internal Medicine Department and Diabetes Research Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹³ 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹⁴ 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹⁵ 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
¹⁶ Cardiology Clinic, "Tzaneio" General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
¹⁷ Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, C' Pediatrics Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹⁹ 1st Propaedeutic Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece. elibero@med.uoa.gr.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 40974504
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-025-04427-0

No abstract available

Keywords: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery disease; Familial hypercholesterolemia; HDL cholesterol; HELLAS-FH.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Institutional review board: The study protocol was approved by all institutions’ scientific committees. Conflict of interest: CVR, VK, GL, AG, GS, PA, GA, EP, ID, FG, KAP, AA, VK, CK, CM, CA, CB, AK, VG have nothing to declare. IS has given talks, received honoraria, and participated in clinical trials sponsored by MSD, AMGEN, SANOFI. LR has received research grants and honoraria from Amgen, Sanofi-Aventis, Viatris, Novartis, Vianex and Servier. GK has given talks, attended conferences and participated in trials sponsored by Amgen, Angelini, MSD, Lilly, Vianex and Sanofi and has also accepted travel support to conferences from Amgen, Sanofi and MSD. KT has participated in educational, research and advisory activities sponsored by AMGEN, ANGELINI, ASTRA-ZENECA, BAYER, BOEHRINGER-INGELHEIM, ELPEN, LILLY, MSD, MYLAN, NOVO NORDISK, SANOFI and VIANEX. ES has participated in educational and advisory activities sponsored by AstraZeneca, Medtronic, MSD, Sanofi and Servier. VK has given talks and attended conferences sponsored by AstraZeneca, MSD, Sanofi-Aventis, and Vianex. MD has given lectures for and participated in trials sponsored by Novo-Nordisc, Astra-Zeneca, Novartis, Eli-Lilly, Menarini, WinMedica, Innovis, Boehringer, Elpen, Viatris. KS has received honoraria from Amgen. VL has given lectures, attended conferences and participated in trials sponsored by Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, MSD, GSK, Vianex, Elli Lilly, ELPEN, Mylan and Aegereon. AB has received honoraria from Vianex, Amarin and Sanofi. EL has participated in educational, research and advisory activities sponsored by AstraZeneca, MSD, Lilly, Bayer, Amgen, Sanofi, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Valeant and Servier. CV has received grants and fees for scientific activities from Amgen, Sanofi and MSD. DA has participated in research and advisory activities sponsored by Amgen, AstraZeneca, Servier Hellas. EM has given talks, attended conferences and participated in trials sponsored by Amgen, Ionis, Sanofi, MSD, Vianex, Novartis, Elpen, Phizer and Servier and has also accepted travel support to conferences from Amgen, Sanofi, Novartis, Vianex, Menarini and MSD. EZ has received honoraria for lectures from Amgen. Sanofi, MSD, and Astra-Zeneca. ENL has participated in educational, research and advisory activities sponsored by AstraZeneca, MSD, Lilly, Bayer, Amgen, Sanofi, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Valeant and Servier.

References

1. P. Fularski, J. Hajdys, G. Majchrowicz, M. Stabrawa, E. Mlynarska et al., Unveiling Familial Hypercholesterolemia-Review, cardiovascular complications, Lipid-Lowering treatment and its efficacy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25(3) (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031637
1. von A. Eckardstein, B.G. Nordestgaard, A.T. Remaley, A.L. Catapano, High-density lipoprotein revisited: biological functions and clinical relevance. Eur. Heart J. 44(16), 1394–1407 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac605 - DOI
1. A.C. Jansen, van E.S. Aalst-Cohen, M.W. Tanck, M.D. Trip, P.J. Lansberg et al., The contribution of classical risk factors to cardiovascular disease in Familial hypercholesterolaemia: data in 2400 patients. J. Intern. Med. 256(6), 482–490 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01405.x - DOI - PubMed
1. J.T. Real, F.J. Chaves, I. Martinez-Uso, A.B. Garcia-Garcia, J.F. Ascaso et al., Importance of HDL cholesterol levels and the total/ HDL cholesterol ratio as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in molecularly defined heterozygous Familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur. Heart J. 22(6), 465–471 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.2000.2408 - DOI - PubMed
1. T.G. Richardson, E. Sanderson, T.M. Palmer, M. Ala-Korpela, B.A. Ference et al., Evaluating the relationship between Circulating lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins with risk of coronary heart disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation analysis. PLoS Med. 17(3), e1003062 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003062 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

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HDL cholesterol as an associate of prevalent coronary artery disease in heterozygous Familial hypercholesterolemia beyond LDL cholesterol

Affiliations

HDL cholesterol as an associate of prevalent coronary artery disease in heterozygous Familial hypercholesterolemia beyond LDL cholesterol

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

References

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

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