Conflict of Interest Disclosures Dr. Weaver reports prior institutional support from the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health and current institutional support from the Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health, and Delta Airlines. He has received consulting fees from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and the University of Pittsburgh for research projects related to sleep and circadian rhythms. Dr. Barger reports prior institutional support from the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health and current institutional support from Delta Airlines. Dr. Landrigan has consulted with and holds equity in the I-PASS Institute, which seeks to train institutions in best handoff practices and aid in their implementation. In addition, Dr. Landrigan has received monetary awards, honoraria, and travel reimbursement from multiple academic and professional organizations for teaching and consulting on sleep deprivation, physician performance, handoffs, and safety, and has served as an expert witness in cases regarding patient safety and sleep deprivation. Dr. Czeisler reports reports grants and contracts to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Axsome Therapeutics, CDC Foundation, City of San Francisco, Dayzz Live Well, Delta Airlines, Jazz Pharmaceuticals PLC Inc, Puget Sound Pilots, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals/Sanofi during the conduct of the study; reports personal fees from Axsome Therapeutics, Associated Professional Sleep Societies, Bryte Foundation, Clement Law Firm, Institute of Digital Media and Child Development, Klarman Family Foundation, Law Offices of James L Mitchell, Law Office of Yolanda Huang, Massachusetts Medical Society, National Council for Mental Wellbeing, National Sleep Foundation, Puget Sound Pilots, Rabb and Rabb LLC, Segal Law Firm, Shaked Law Firm, P.A., Simpson & Simpson, Tencent Holdings Ltd, Teva Pharma Australia, The Armstrong Firm, PLLC, Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc, With Deep, Inc. and Zehl Law Firm, during the conduct of the study; reports research/education support to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Abbaszadeh Foundation, Alexandra Drane, Apnimed, Inc., Avadel Pharmaceuticals, Bryte Foundation, Casey Feldman Foundation, Cephalon, DR Capital, Eisai Co., LTD, f.lux Software, LLC, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals LTD, Mary Ann & Stanley Snider via Combined Jewish Philanthropies, Harmony Biosciences LLC, Jazz Pharmaceuticals PLC, Inc, Johnson & Johnson, NeuroCare, Inc., Optum, Peter Brown and Margaret Hamburg, Philips Respironics Inc, Regional Home Care, ResMed Foundation, San Francisco Bar Pilots, Sleep Number Corp., Stuart F. and Diana L. Quan Charitable Fund, Summus, Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd, ResMed, Sanofi, Philips, Vanda Pharmaceuticals and Whoop, Inc. during the conduct of the study; and is the incumbent of an endowed professorship provided to Harvard University by Cephalon Inc. during the conduct of the study; report serving as an expert witness in legal cases, including those involving Advanced Power Technologies, Aegis Chemical Solutions LLC, Amtrak, Bombardier, Inc., Casper Sleep Inc, C&J Energy Services, Delta Airlines/Comair, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, FedEx, Greyhound Lines, Inc., Harmony Biosciences LLC, Puget Sound Pilots, Steel Warehouse, FedEx, Greyhound Lines, Product & Logistics Services LLC, San Francisco Sheriff’s Department, Schlumberger Technology Corp., Union Pacific Railroad, UPS, and Vanda Pharmaceuticals during the conduct of the study; reports having an equity interest in Vanda Pharmaceuticals, With Deep, Inc, and Signos, Inc. during the conduct of the study; and reports receiving royalties from McGraw Hill, Massachusetts Medical Society, and Philips Respironics for the Actiwatch-2 and Actiwatch Spectrum devices during the conduct of the study. Dr. Czeisler’s interests were reviewed and are managed by the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Mass General Brigham in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies.