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Case Reports
. 2025 Aug 18;17(8):e90426.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.90426. eCollection 2025 Aug.

Uncommon Presentation of Mastocytosis: Focus on the Xanthelasmoid Variant

Salma Kozmane  1 , Hanane Baybay  1 , Aya Tadlaoui  1 , Zakia Douhi  1 , FatimaZahra Mernissi  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Uncommon Presentation of Mastocytosis: Focus on the Xanthelasmoid Variant

Salma Kozmane et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Xanthelasmoid mastocytosis (XM) is a rare form of diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis whose clinical presentation may resemble multiple juvenile xanthogranulomas. We report the case of a two-year-old child who presented with multiple yellowish papules and nodules, with a firm to elastic consistency, symmetrically distributed over the face, the base of the neck, trunk, and limbs. Dermoscopy and histology confirmed the diagnosis of XM. The patient was successfully treated with H1-antihistamines and high-potency topical corticosteroids. This case highlights the importance of considering XM as a rare variant of diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis that may be confused with multiple juvenile xanthogranulomas.

Keywords: child; dermoscopy; mastocytosis; multiple juvenile xanthogranulomas; xanthelasmoid mastocytosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Informed consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Multiple yellowish papules and nodules, symmetrically distributed on the trunk and upper and lower limbs with positive Darier’s sign (blue circle).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Dermoscopic features: erythematous background (blue star) with a central homogeneous yellow pattern (yellow cross) after rubbing (A) and before rubbing (B).
Figure 3
Figure 3. A: Hematoxylin and eosin stain showing a collection of mast cells in cords and nests in dermis. B: Immunohistochemistry stain showing mast cells positive for CD 117.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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