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. 2025 Sep 24;118(10):155.
doi: 10.1007/s10482-025-02166-w.

Pseudomonas gelidaquae sp. nov., an Antarctic bacterium with a distinctive Type III Secretion System, isolated from Fildes Bay, King George Island

Sebastián Higuera-Llantén #  1   2 , María S Pavlov #  1 , Leandro P de Sousa  3 , Felipe Vásquez-Ponce  1   2   4 , Juan Parás-Silva  1   2 , José R W Martínez  2   5 , José M Munita  2   5 , Aniela Wozniak  2   6   7 , Patricia C García  2   6   7 , Juan A Ugalde  2   8 , Carlos J Blondel  9 , Felipe Lira  10 , José Luis Martínez  11 , Manuel Alcalde-Rico  12   13   14   15 , Jorge Olivares-Pacheco  16   17
Affiliations

Pseudomonas gelidaquae sp. nov., an Antarctic bacterium with a distinctive Type III Secretion System, isolated from Fildes Bay, King George Island

Sebastián Higuera-Llantén et al. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. .

Abstract

Pseudomonas gelidaquae IB20T is a rod-shaped, motile bacterium distinguished by the presence of multiple polar flagella. The average nucleotide identity (ANIb) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between P. gelidaquae IB20T and its closest phylogenetic relatives were all below the 95-96% thresholds currently accepted for delineating a novel species. Pseudomonas antarctica CMS 35 T displayed the highest ANIb and AAI values, at 92.67% and 95.98%, respectively. A distinctive feature of the P. gelidaquae IB20T genome is the presence of a Type III Secretion System (T3SS), which is absent in the genomes of all closely related strains, making it the first Pseudomonas species isolated from Antarctica to carry this virulence system. Notably, we identified a novel candidate effector protein encoded within the T3SS gene cluster of P. gelidaquae IB20T, exhibiting similarity to VopS T3SS effector proteins, which are predominantly found in Vibrio species. A comprehensive search of publicly available databases confirmed that this candidate effector protein is not present in any other Pseudomonas genome. Additionally, chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the dominant cellular fatty acids include summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C15:0 iso 2-OH), C16:0, and C18:1ω7c. Based on extensive phenotypic and genotypic evidence, we propose that strain IB20T represents a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name P. gelidaquae sp. nov. is proposed, with IB20 designated as the type strain.

Keywords: Pseudomonas gelidaquae; Antarctica; King George Island; T3SS; VopS effector protein.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

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