Gender Disparities Among Cardiovascular Disease Program Directors in the United States

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
² Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center /Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
³ Department of Cardiology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center /Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
⁵ Department of Cardiology, Elmhurst Hospital Center/Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Elmhurst, New York, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/RThachilMD.

Shreya Arvind et al. JACC Adv. 2025 Nov.

. 2025 Nov;4(11 Pt 1):102197.

doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102197. Epub 2025 Sep 23.

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
² Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center /Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
³ Department of Cardiology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center /Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
⁵ Department of Cardiology, Elmhurst Hospital Center/Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Elmhurst, New York, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/RThachilMD.

No abstract available

Keywords: WIC; barriers; equity; gender disparities; leadership; mentorship; solutions.

Conflict of interest statement

Funding support and author disclosures The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

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