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. 2025 Sep 4;15(9):322.
doi: 10.3390/nursrep15090322.

Effectiveness of a Gamification-Based Intervention for Learning a Structured Handover System Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Mauro Parozzi  1 , Irene Meraviglia  2 , Paolo Ferrara  3 , Sara Morales Palomares  4 , Stefano Mancin  5 , Marco Sguanci  6 , Diego Lopane  7 , Anne Destrebecq  8 , Maura Lusignani  8 , Elisabetta Mezzalira  9 , Antonio Bonacaro  10 , Stefano Terzoni  8
Affiliations

Effectiveness of a Gamification-Based Intervention for Learning a Structured Handover System Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Mauro Parozzi et al. Nurs Rep. .

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Effective clinical handover is a critical component of nursing care, particularly in mental health settings, where the transfer of clinical and behavioral information is essential for both patients' and health personnel's safety. Gamification has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance clinical education, yet few interventions have focused specifically on mental health care contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a serious game designed to teach the SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) handover framework to undergraduate nursing students through a psychiatric care unit scenario. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post design was employed with a convenience sample of 48 nursing students from a Northern Italian university. Participants completed a test assessing their ability to organize clinical information according to the SBAR model before and after the game intervention. Students' experience was assessed using the Player Experience Inventory. Results: A statistically significant improvement in SBAR application was observed post-intervention. The majority of students reported a positive experience across PXI domains such as Meaning, Challenge, Progress Feedback, and Enjoyment. Comparisons with a previously validated video-based nursing serious game showed a consistent overall pattern in response trends. Conclusions: The SG was an effective and engaging educational tool for improving structured handover skills in nursing students. Gamification may represent a valuable complement to traditional instruction in nursing education, especially in high-communication clinical areas such as mental health. Further research is needed to assess long-term retention and to explore more immersive formats.

Keywords: SBAR; gamification; handover; mental health; nursing education; serious game.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Beatrice exiting the elevator at the entrance to the psychiatry ward.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Beatrice and a Nurse Assistant with the patient Carmelo in the Smoking Room.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Patient Massimo as seen by Beatrice upon entering his room.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Score Descriptives Statistic.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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