TFOS DEWS III: Executive Summary

Victor L Perez¹, Wei Chen², Jennifer P Craig³, Murat Dogru⁴, Lyndon Jones⁵, Fiona Stapleton⁶, James S Wolffsohn⁷, David A Sullivan⁸

Affiliations

¹ From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (V.L.P.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
² Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (W.C.), National Eye Clinic Research Center, China.
³ Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.C.), Aotearoa New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: jp.craig@auckland.ac.nz.
⁴ Ichikawa General Hospital (M.D.), Tokyo Dental College, Dept of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
⁵ Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE) (L.J.), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
⁶ School of Optometry and Vision Science (F.S.), UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷ School of Optometry (J.S.W.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
⁸ Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (D.A.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

PMID: 41005521
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.09.035

Free article

Review

TFOS DEWS III: Executive Summary

Victor L Perez et al. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025.

Free article

. 2025 Sep 24:282:135-145.

doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.09.035. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Victor L Perez¹, Wei Chen², Jennifer P Craig³, Murat Dogru⁴, Lyndon Jones⁵, Fiona Stapleton⁶, James S Wolffsohn⁷, David A Sullivan⁸

Affiliations

¹ From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (V.L.P.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
² Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (W.C.), National Eye Clinic Research Center, China.
³ Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.C.), Aotearoa New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: jp.craig@auckland.ac.nz.
⁴ Ichikawa General Hospital (M.D.), Tokyo Dental College, Dept of Ophthalmology, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
⁵ Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE) (L.J.), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
⁶ School of Optometry and Vision Science (F.S.), UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷ School of Optometry (J.S.W.), College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
⁸ Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (D.A.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

PMID: 41005521
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.09.035

Abstract

This article presents an executive summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the third Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop (TFOS DEWS III) reports, published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology (AJO) in the second quarter of 2025. These reports describe an updated, evidence-based consensus understanding of dry eye disease, together with scientifically-supported strategies for its clinical diagnosis and managagement. The three comprehensive TFOS DEWS III reports and accompanying editorial are freely available for download from the AJO website (www.ajo.com).

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TFOS DEWS III: Executive Summary

Affiliations

TFOS DEWS III: Executive Summary

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources