Real-world use of classic and non-classic psychedelics in Hispanic/Latino adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: International findings from the LATINO Study

Abstract

Objective: Despite growing research on the potential mental health benefits of psychedelics, there has been limited study of these drugs in populations with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and with Hispanic and Latin American (H/L) ancestry.

Methods: Demographic and clinical assessments were conducted as part of the Latin American Trans-ancestry Initiative for OCD genomics (LATINO) Study in H/L participants with OCD living throughout the Americas. Self-reported data on the prevalence of naturalistic psychedelic use and associated outcomes on OCD symptoms were collected in a subsample of 2,639 adults. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to assess psychedelic use, predictors of use, and predictors of OCD symptom change attributed to psychedelics.

Results: Across 11 countries, 9% of respondents reported using psychedelics or related substances for treatment. Most respondents (72%) had received traditionally available treatments for OCD (e.g., psychiatric medication and/or psychotherapy). Psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA were the most used psychedelics. Psychedelic users compared to non-users were more likely to be male, have received non-ERP therapy for OCD, and have a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis. Outcomes of psychedelic use for OCD-related symptoms varied widely by drug and were difficult to predict but were reported as most favorable for "classic" serotonergic psychedelics.

Conclusions: Real-world evidence suggests that H/L adults are exploring psychedelics as a treatment for OCD, though further work is needed to establish the conditions for safe and effective use in this population. Increased research and practical harm reduction in this area is critical as public interest in psychedelic drugs continues to surge.