Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Sep 17;16(5):478-486.
doi: 10.14740/wjon2614. eCollection 2025 Oct.

Predictors of All-Cause In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Malignant Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Elvis Obomanu  1   2 , Tarfa Verinumbe  1 , Tinsae Anebo  1 , Colton Jones  1 , Claudia Dourado  3
Affiliations

Predictors of All-Cause In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Malignant Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Elvis Obomanu et al. World J Oncol. .

Abstract

Background: Factors influencing in-hospital mortality in patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) remain understudied, highlighting gaps in optimizing acute clinical outcomes. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical predictors of all-cause in-hospital mortality in this population.

Methods: Using 2016 - 2020 data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), patients with malignant well-differentiated GEP-NETs were identified via the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Sociodemographic and clinical variables (heart failure (HF), malnutrition, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and tumor site) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Among 5,642 patients (mean age 64, standard deviation (SD) 12.9), multivariable analysis identified HF (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10 - 3.95), malnutrition (aOR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.29 - 2.62), pancreatic (aOR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01 - 2.30) or colon tumors (aOR 2.31, 95% CI: 1.51 - 3.53), CCI ≥ 5 (aOR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.10), hypertension (aOR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47 - 0.91) and elective admissions (aOR 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25 - 0.63) as clinically relevant factors associated with in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions: Advanced age, tumor location, malnutrition, and HF may be critical mortality predictors among patients with GEP-NETs. These findings advocate for integrated care models prioritizing nutritional support, cardiovascular monitoring, and early elective interventions to improve outcomes.

Keywords: All-cause mortality; Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; In-hospital mortality; Malignant well-differentiated tumors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All the authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Lee MR, Harris C, Baeg KJ, Aronson A, Wisnivesky JP, Kim MK. Incidence trends of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(11):2212–2217.e2211. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.12.017. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Takayanagi D, Cho H, Machida E, Kawamura A, Takashima A, Wada S, Tsunoda T. et al. Update on epidemiology, diagnosis, and biomarkers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2022;14(5) doi: 10.3390/cancers14051119. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sansone A, Lauretta R, Vottari S, Chiefari A, Barnabei A, Romanelli F, Appetecchia M. Specific and non-specific biomarkers in neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2019;11(8):1113. doi: 10.3390/cancers11081113. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cives M, Strosberg JR. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):471–487. doi: 10.3322/caac.21493. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Fernandez CJ, Agarwal M, Pottakkat B, Haroon NN, George AS, Pappachan JM. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A clinical snapshot. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2021;13(3):231–255. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i3.231. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources