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Review
. 2025 Sep:85 Suppl 4:41-46.

[Immune-mediated polyneuropathies]

[Article in Spanish]
Silvia Cerezo  1 , Jesica Expósito  1 , Laura Carrera  1 , Daniel Natera  1 , Andrés Nascimento  1 , Carlos Ortez  2
Affiliations
  • PMID: 41036983
Free article
Review

[Immune-mediated polyneuropathies]

[Article in Spanish]
Silvia Cerezo et al. Medicina (B Aires). 2025 Sep.
Free article

Abstract
in English, Spanish

The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) represents a group of immune-mediated peripheral polyneuropathies, which are the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in clinical practice. Its most prevalent form is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), though multiple variants are also recognized, such as axonal neuropathies (AMAN, AMSAN) and MillerFisher syndrome. Diagnosis remains primarily clinical, supported by findings in cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neurophysiological studies, and, in certain cases, specific serology. Early detection is crucial to prevent potentially fatal complications such as respiratory failure or severe dysautonomia. This article provides an updated review of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to GBS, emphasizing its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, first-line therapeutic strategies, and emerging variants treatable with targeted immunotherapy.

El síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) representa un grupo de polineuropatías periféricas inmunomediadas que constituyen la causa más frecuente de parálisis flácida aguda en la práctica clínica. Su forma más común es la polirradiculoneuropatía inflamatoria desmielinizante aguda (AIDP), aunque se reconocen múltiples variantes, como las neuropatías axonales (AMAN, AMSAN) y el síndrome de Miller-Fisher. El diagnóstico continúa siendo clínico, apoyado por hallazgos en el líquido cefalorraquídeo, estudios neurofisiológicos y, en algunos casos, serología específica. Su detección precoz es crítica para evitar complicaciones potencialmente fatales, como insuficiencia respiratoria o disautonomía grave. Este artículo ofrece una revisión actualizada del abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico del SGB, con especial énfasis en su fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, y estrategias terapéuticas de primera línea, así como en variantes emergentes tratables con inmunoterapia dirigida.

Keywords: Guillain-Barré syndrome; corticosteroids; immunoadsorption; immunoglobulins; plasmapheresis.

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