Contemporary Review of Overlap in Overactive Bladder Patients with Nephrolithiasis: Fluid Reduction in Overactive Bladder and Associated Factors Related To Nephrolithiasis

Abstract

Purpose of review: This contemporary review paper analyzes the impact of fluid reduction in overactive bladder and associated factors related to nephrolithiasis.

Recent findings: Historically, overactive bladder and nephrolithiasis have been considered separate urologic pathologies. However, patients with OAB symptoms often restrict fluid intake to prevent episodes of urinary incontinence with resultant supersaturated urine, which precipitates nephrolithiasis formation. Coexistent pathologies promote the relationship between overactive bladder and nephrolithiasis, including urinary tract infection-related urolithiasis, bladder stones secondary to voiding dysfunction, and genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Overactive bladder and nephrolithiasis are profoundly impacted by fluid intake. The approach to overactive bladder should aim to optimize quality of life primarily by managing symptoms to avoid patient-imposed fluid intake restriction. By promoting patient confidence to consume the recommended daily fluid intake, nephrolithiasis formation risk is reduced. Eradication of other coexistent pathologies will further reduce overactive bladder symptoms and decrease stone formation.

Keywords: Fluid restriction; Nephrolithiasis; Overactive bladder.