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. 2025 Oct 2;15(1):34326.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16649-3.

Ontology-driven integration of advertised and operational capabilities in robots

Muhammad Raza Naqvi  1 , Arkopaul Sarkar  2 , Farhad Ameri  3 , Linda Elmhadhbi  4 , Thierry Louge  5 , Mohamed Hedi Karray  5
Affiliations

Ontology-driven integration of advertised and operational capabilities in robots

Muhammad Raza Naqvi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The adaptability of robotic systems is expanding the horizons of manufacturing flexibility. However, fully leveraging the potential of these systems poses considerable challenges. A key requirement is the ability to understand and model their diverse capabilities through a standardized and semantically well-defined framework. In this paper, we introduce the Robotic Capability Ontology (RCO), developed through a systematic investigation of various types of robotic capabilities, including those related to function, quality, and process performance. We define two types of capabilities: Advertised capabilities, as specified by manufacturers, and Operational capabilities, which reflect real-world performance. The RCO framework provides an ontology-based approach to representing these capabilities in a structured and interpretable manner. Within the manufacturing context, RCO serves as a reference ontology that bridges manufacturer specifications and empirical performance data to support more accurate, explainable, and interoperable representations of robotic capabilities.

Keywords: Capabilities; Knowledge technologies; Manufacturing; Ontology; Robotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Robotic capabilities measurement process in two different contexts.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
CHAIKMAT production line.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Repeatability measurement process results in 3-D space.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
101 ontology development methodology.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
RCO hierarchical structure.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Formalization of robot capabilities.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Formalization of repeatability advertised and operational capability measurement process.
None
Listing 1. SPARQL Query for CQ1
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Advertised vs. operational repeatability capabilities.
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Listing 2. CQ2: Modeling advertised and operational capabilities measurement process.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Measurement processes for advertised and operational capabilities.
None
Listing 3. SPARQL query for CQ3.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Disparities in advertised vs. operational capabilities.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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