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. 2025 Oct 2;25(1):610.
doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04357-x.

Identification and characterization of a putative novel bacteriocin from Bacillus velezensis G02 and its effects on the intestinal microflora in mice

Mengbo Yu #  1 , Haotian Ma #  1 , Jinju Peng  1 , Yuexia Ding  1 , Qianqian Lin  1 , Fucheng Guo  2 , Yi Ma  3
Affiliations

Identification and characterization of a putative novel bacteriocin from Bacillus velezensis G02 and its effects on the intestinal microflora in mice

Mengbo Yu et al. BMC Microbiol. .

Abstract

Bacteriocins are defined as proteins that are produced by bacteria and that have antibacterial effects on various pathogenic bacteria. This study explored the effects of the crude extract of bacteriocin produced by Bacillus velezensis G02 (PRJNA1303554) on the intestinal microbiota of normal mice. Observation through liver and kidney tissue sections showed that the bacteriocin crude extract had no obvious adverse reactions on the internal organs of mice, and no mice died. A 16 S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis revealed that the crude extract of the bacteriocin significantly changed the α-diversity (Shannon (P = 0.51), Simpson (P = 0.51), and Chao1 (P = 0.28)) and β-diversity (PCoA, (P = 0.1) NMDS, (P = 0.0132)) of the intestinal microbiota in normal mice, reducing the species abundance and increasing the evenness of their intestinal microbiota. In addition, the bacteriocin PG02 crude extract exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The purified bacteriocin was identified by LC-MS/MS in combination with sequence coverage analysis; its molecular weight was found to be 20.1 ~ 31 kDa, and it was speculated to be a putative novel bacteriocin named bacteriocin PG02. This study provides a reference for the microbiology field research and development of feed additive.

Keywords: Bacillus velezensis; Antibacterial; Bacteriocin; Intestinal microbiota.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The animal study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Guangdong Ocean University, China (IACUC No.: GDOU-LAE-2024-105). and were performed following the Guidelines for Experimental Animals set by the Ministry of Science and Technology (Beijing, China). Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Antibacterial spectrum of bacteriocin PG02 from crude extract
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Stability Protease stability of the crude bacteriocin extract
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Evaluation of weight gain and tissue toxicity of PG02 crude extract in mice
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Alpha rarefaction curve and species accumulation curve diagram. Note: Blank group (Group Ct) and crude extract group (Group Ce)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Venn diagrams
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Bar chart of the species composition
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Heat map of the species composition
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Richness, Shannon, Simpson and Chao1 analysis charts
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
PCoA and NMDS analysis chart
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
WU, UU, and NMDS confidence circle diagrams
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Species and genus difference analysis chart
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
LEfSe analysis chart
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
Purification of bacteriocin PG02. A: TA-GF75 gel chromatography; B: Tiderose Q HP anionic chromatography; C: Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC); D: SDS-PAGE
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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