Bridging the Knowledge Gap: Assessment of Breast Cancer Awareness and Early Detection Practices among Venezuelan Women

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with higher mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Venezuela, late-stage diagnosis remains common due to limited awareness, delayed health-seeking behaviors, and restricted access to early detection. This study aimed to assess Venezuelan women's knowledge of BC signs, symptoms, risk factors, and early detection methods, and explore associations between sociodemographic factors and knowledge levels. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 197 women attending outpatient services at Caracas University Hospital between April and August 2023. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire that assessed knowledge across three domains: signs and symptoms, risk factors, and early detection methods. Correct responses were scored and categorized as high or low based on predefined thresholds. Awareness of BC symptoms was high, with 89.3% of participants recognizing breast lumps as a warning sign. However, only 9% demonstrated a high level of knowledge about risk factors, with obesity (54.8%) being the most commonly identified. Higher education levels were significantly associated with better knowledge of risk factors (p 0.04), and attendance at a breast clinic was correlated with higher knowledge of early detection. (p 0.04). Although awareness of BC symptoms and positive attitudes toward early detection were common, significant gaps remain in knowledge about risk factors and screening practices. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions that extend beyond raising awareness to promote health literacy and empower women with practical, actionable information.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Cancer awareness; Early detection; Health literacy; Risk factors; Venezuela; Women’s health.