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Review
. 2025 Oct 5:104978.
doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104978. Online ahead of print.

Adjuvant Immunotherapy in High-Risk Renal Cell Carcinoma: Indications, Limitations, and Perspectives. A Consensus Statement from the GIOTTO Uro-Oncology Group

Giandomenico Roviello  1 , Federico Paolieri  2 , Martina Catalano  3 , Luca Galli  4 , Laura Doni  5 , Federico Peschiera  6 , Alessandro Pili  6 , Michele Sisani  7 , Bloise Francesco  7
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Adjuvant Immunotherapy in High-Risk Renal Cell Carcinoma: Indications, Limitations, and Perspectives. A Consensus Statement from the GIOTTO Uro-Oncology Group

Giandomenico Roviello et al. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. .
Free article

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often diagnosed at a localized stage and treated with surgery. However, up to 40% of patients may experience recurrence despite complete resection. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly pembrolizumab, has changed the adjuvant treatment landscape. The Tuscan Interdisciplinary Uro-Oncological Group (GIOTTO) provides practical guidance on patient selection and clinical use of adjuvant pembrolizumab in RCC.

Keywords: Adjuvant therapy; Immunotherapy; Overall survival; Pembrolizumab; Renal cell carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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