Biobank and Wildlife Rescue Center: Synergy for Mammals Conservation in the Argentinian Atlantic Forest (Paranaense Forest)

Abstract

Introduction: The province of Misiones, located in north-eastern Argentina, harbors one of the best-preserved remnants of the Atlantic Forest, which is a global biodiversity hotspot. However, 95% of this forest has been deforested, posing a significant threat to numerous species, particularly to mammals. To conserve biodiversity, the Misiones' Institute of Biodiversity, which is developing a biobank, and the Center for Rescue, Rehabilitation, and Recovery of Wildlife Güirá Oga (GO), dedicated to the care of injured and displaced fauna, were established. This article highlights the collaboration between these two institutions aimed at strengthening mammal conservation efforts in Misiones. Materials and Methods: A standardized protocol was established for the collection, preservation, and storage of biological samples, considering variables such as the taxonomic group, animal condition, and study type. Samples were collected under anesthesia and in accordance with animal welfare guidelines, and relevant data were recorded. Within the Biobank, samples were classified, documented, and stored at -80°C, 4°C, or room temperature, depending on their characteristics. Biobank operations comply with international regulations-including the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol-as well as provincial legislation. Access permits and Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) are applied for any external use. Results: Between 2020 and 2024, biological samples were collected from 335 individual native mammals representing 38 species, of which 37.9% were classified as threatened (vulnerable, endangered, and critically endangered) according to their conservation status. Biobank stores 985 samples 53.5% blood and derivatives, 6.7% tissues, 11% DNA/RNA, 17% ectoparasites, and 8.2% endoparasites. They also include swabs, fibroblasts, hair, and leather. The most represented orders were Carnivora, Primates, and Didelphimorphia (63.6%). Conclusions: The collaboration between GO and the Biobank integrates rescue, research, and genetic conservation, optimizing resources and strengthening capacities to address biodiversity loss, carrying out epidemiological surveillance, and promoting future ecological restoration projects.

Keywords: biodiversity; biological samples; biorepository; endangered species.