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Review
. 2025 Oct 14.
doi: 10.1007/s12265-025-10685-0. Online ahead of print.

Gene Therapies in Atrial Fibrillation

Cian O'Donnell  1 , Aleksei Mikhailov  1 , Shin Yoo  1 , Asish Ghosh  1 , Rishi Arora  2
Affiliations
Review

Gene Therapies in Atrial Fibrillation

Cian O'Donnell et al. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. .

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, yet current therapies-including drugs and catheter ablation-remain suboptimal. Gene therapy offers a promising way to modulate AF's molecular drivers. This review summarizes recent preclinical studies using viral and non-viral vectors, atrial-specific delivery strategies, and key targets such as ion channels, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Despite promising results, no AF gene therapy has FDA approval, due to challenges in atrial targeting, immune control, and durable expression. Closing this translational gap is critical for future AF gene therapy.

Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Electrical remodeling; Gene therapy; Oxidative stress; Structural remodeling.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: Rishi Arora has an ownership interest in Inomagen Therapeutics. The other authors declare no conflicts.

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