Retraction Note: Pathways towards environmental sustainability: exploring the influence of aggregate domestic consumption spending on carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan

Muhammad Zubair Chishti^{1

2

3}, Naushad Alam⁴, Muntasir Murshed^{5

6}, Abdul Rehman⁷, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente^{8

9}

Affiliations

¹ School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
² Department of Economics, University of Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan.
³ School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Finance and Economics, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman.
⁵ School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh. muntasir.murshed@northsouth.edu.
⁶ Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. muntasir.murshed@northsouth.edu.
⁷ College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
⁸ Department of Political Economy and Public Finance, Economic and Business Statistics and Economic Policy, University of Castilla-La, Mancha, Spain.
⁹ Department of Applied Economics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.

Muhammad Zubair Chishti et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025.

. 2025 Oct 16.

doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-37044-5. Online ahead of print.

Muhammad Zubair Chishti^{1

2

3}, Naushad Alam⁴, Muntasir Murshed^{5

6}, Abdul Rehman⁷, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente^{8

9}

¹ School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
² Department of Economics, University of Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan.
³ School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Finance and Economics, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman.
⁵ School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh. muntasir.murshed@northsouth.edu.
⁶ Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. muntasir.murshed@northsouth.edu.
⁷ College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
⁸ Department of Political Economy and Public Finance, Economic and Business Statistics and Economic Policy, University of Castilla-La, Mancha, Spain.
⁹ Department of Applied Economics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.

No abstract available

Retraction of

Pathways towards environmental sustainability: exploring the influence of aggregate domestic consumption spending on carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan.
Chishti MZ, Alam N, Murshed M, Rehman A, Balsalobre-Lorente D. Chishti MZ, et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jun;29(29):45013-45030. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-18919-3. Epub 2022 Feb 10. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022. Retraction in: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Oct 16. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-37044-5. PMID: 35141829 Retracted.