Community-acquired Pneumonia in Children

Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common respiratory infection in children, with viral etiologies predominating. Bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae also contribute significantly. Diagnosis relies primarily on clinical findings, with imaging reserved for severe cases. Treatment depends on the etiology, with amoxicillin as the first-line antibiotic for bacterial CAP and macrolides for atypical pneumonia. Supportive care, including oxygen therapy, is crucial for severe cases. Vaccination has drastically reduced CAP-related mortality, but new epidemiologic trends necessitate continued research. This review provides an updated approach to diagnosing, managing, and preventing pediatric CAP.

Keywords: Childhood respiratory infections; Community-acquired pneumonia; Complications; Mycoplasma; Pediatric emergency medicine; Pediatric pneumonia; Pneumonia diagnosis; Pneumonia treatment.