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. 2025 Oct 1;25(4):327-333.
doi: 10.4103/jips.jips_273_25. Epub 2025 Oct 20.

Evaluation of the effect of temporomandibular joint disorders on craniocervical posture: A cross-sectional study

Sanath Kumar Shetty  1 , Anusha Ishwarappa Katageri, Rajesh Shetty, Mallikarjuna Ragher, Uma Mayoor Prabhu
Affiliations
Free article

Evaluation of the effect of temporomandibular joint disorders on craniocervical posture: A cross-sectional study

Sanath Kumar Shetty et al. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. .
Free article

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of TMDs on craniocervical posture by assessing head-shoulder angle asymmetry and craniovertebral angle (CVA).

Settings and design: A cross-sectional study involving individuals with and without clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders.

Materials and methods: Eighty-two participants were divided into a test group (n = 41) with TMD signs and a control group (n = 41). TMDs were assessed using a structured questionnaire and the Diagnostic Criteria/TMD (2014) criteria. Postural evaluation included photographic analysis of head-shoulder angle asymmetry using GNU Image Manipulation Program software and CVA measurement using a goniometer.

Statistical analysis used: Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U-tests, and Spearman's correlation.

Results: FHP was more prevalent among participants with TMD (57.5%), with a mean CVA of 49.37° ± 3.90° compared to controls (25%), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean asymmetry in head-shoulder angle was 5.62° ± 1.32° in the TMD group and 1.03° ± 0.89° in the control group.

Conclusions: TMDs are associated with increased head-shoulder asymmetry and FHP. These findings highlight the importance of postural assessment in TMD management.

Keywords: Craniovertebral angle; forward head posture; head–shoulder angle; posture; temporomandibular disorders.

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