European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2025: post-resuscitation care

Jerry P Nolan^#^{1

2}, Claudio Sandroni^#^{3

4}, Alain Cariou⁵, Tobias Cronberg⁶, Sonia D'Arrigo^{7

8}, Kirstie Haywood⁹, Astrid Hoedemaekers¹⁰, Gisela Lilja^{11

12}, Nikolaos Nikolaou¹³, Theresa Mariero Olasveengen¹⁴, Chiara Robba¹⁵, Markus B Skrifvars¹⁶, Paul Swindell¹⁷, Jasmeet Soar¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
² Royal United Hospital, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK.
³ Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy. claudio.sandroni@policlinicogemelli.it.
⁴ Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. claudio.sandroni@policlinicogemelli.it.
⁵ Cochin University Hospital (AP-HP) and University Paris Cité (Medical School), Paris, France.
⁶ Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
⁷ Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁸ Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁹ Warwick Research in Nursing, Room A108, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
¹⁰ Department Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹¹ Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
¹² Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
¹³ Cardiology Department, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁵ Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Emergency Care and Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁷ Sudden Cardiac Arrest UK, London, UK.
¹⁸ Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 41123621
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-025-08117-3

Practice Guideline

European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2025: post-resuscitation care

Jerry P Nolan et al. Intensive Care Med. 2025 Dec.

. 2025 Dec;51(12):2213-2288.

doi: 10.1007/s00134-025-08117-3. Epub 2025 Oct 22.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
² Royal United Hospital, Bath, BA1 3NG, UK.
³ Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy. claudio.sandroni@policlinicogemelli.it.
⁴ Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. claudio.sandroni@policlinicogemelli.it.
⁵ Cochin University Hospital (AP-HP) and University Paris Cité (Medical School), Paris, France.
⁶ Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
⁷ Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁸ Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁹ Warwick Research in Nursing, Room A108, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
¹⁰ Department Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹¹ Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
¹² Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
¹³ Cardiology Department, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁵ Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Emergency Care and Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁷ Sudden Cardiac Arrest UK, London, UK.
¹⁸ Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 41123621
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-025-08117-3

Abstract

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) have collaborated to produce these post-resuscitation care guidelines for adults, which are based on the International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) pubished by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). The topics covered include the post-cardiac arrest syndrome, diagnosis of cause of cardiac arrest, control of oxygenation and ventilation, coronary reperfusion, haemodynamic monitoring and management, control of seizures, temperature control, general intensive care management, prognostication, long-term outcome, rehabilitation, and organ donation. The post-resuscitation care of children is described in the ERC guidelines 2025 Paediatric Life Support.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Cardiac arrest; Coma; Post-cardiac arrest syndrome; Prognosis; Rehabilitation; Temperature; Tissue and organ procurement.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflicts of interest: NN is an investigator for the Landi-Up Study, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Member of the AOP Health Group. TMO is on the Board of the Laedal Foundation. CR received lecture fees from BD and is a Deputy Editor for Intensive Care Medicine. She has not taken part in the review or selection process of this article. MBS received lecture fees from BARD Medical (Ireland) in 2021 and 2022. Other authors do not have conflicts to declare.

References

1. Nolan JP, Soar J, Cariou A, Cronberg T, Moulaert VR, Deakin CD, Bottiger BW, Friberg H, Sunde K, Sandroni C (2015) European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines for Post-resuscitation Care 2015: Section 5 of the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015. Resuscitation 95:202–222
1. Nolan JP, Soar J, Cariou A, Cronberg T, Moulaert VRM, Deakin CD, Bottiger B, Friberg H, Sunde K, Sandroni C (2015) European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 2015 guidelines for post-resuscitation care. Intensive Care Med 41:2039–2056 - PubMed - DOI
1. Nolan JP, Sandroni C, Bottiger BW, Cariou A, Cronberg T, Friberg H, Genbrugge C, Haywood K, Lilja G, Moulaert VRM, Nikolaou N, Mariero Olasveengen T, Skrifvars MB, Taccone F, Soar J (2021) European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care. Resuscitation 161:220–269 - PubMed - DOI
1. Nolan JP, Sandroni C, Bottiger BW, Cariou A, Cronberg T, Friberg H, Genbrugge C, Haywood K, Lilja G, Moulaert VRM, Nikolaou N, Olasveengen TM, Skrifvars MB, Taccone F, Soar J (2021) European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care. Intensive Care Med 47:369–421 - PubMed - PMC - DOI
1. Nolan JP, Hazinski MF, Aickin R, Bhanji F, Billi JE, Callaway CW, Castren M, de Caen AR, Ferrer JM, Finn JC, Gent LM, Griffin RE, Iverson S, Lang E, Lim SH, Maconochie IK, Montgomery WH, Morley PT, Nadkarni VM, Neumar RW, Nikolaou NI, Perkins GD, Perlman JM, Singletary EM, Soar J, Travers AH, Welsford M, Wyllie J, Zideman DA (2015) Part 1: executive summary: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 95:e1-31 - PubMed - DOI

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European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2025: post-resuscitation care

Affiliations

European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2025: post-resuscitation care

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

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Full Text Sources

Medical