Psychometric Properties and Clinical Utility of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF) in a U.S. Adolescent Sample: An Evaluation for Detecting Borderline Personality Disorder

Abstract

This study evaluated the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) as a screening tool for personality disorder (PD) in adolescents. Data from clinical (n = 127) and community (n = 139) samples of adolescents aged 12 to 17 were analyzed. Exploratory structural equation modeling supported the five-factor structure, with good to excellent internal consistency. Nomological validity was demonstrated through correlations with other measures of personality and psychopathology. All PID-5-BF domains, except antagonism, differed significantly between adolescents with borderline PD (BPD), non-BPD inpatients, and community controls. However, only negative affectivity showed significantly higher mean scores among inpatient youths with BPD compared to those without BPD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that only negative affectivity among the PID-5-BF domains demonstrated diagnostic accuracy in the lower moderate range for identifying BPD, whereas the total score and other domains showed limited performance. In comparison, a measure of identity diffusion demonstrated stronger discriminative ability. Overall, these findings suggest that the PID-5-BF might be a useful tool for identifying pathological personality trait-related risk factors associated with general psychopathology. However, its utility might be more limited in accurately detecting BPD specifically within adolescent populations.