Addressing Comorbidities in Heart Failure

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) comorbidities are extremely common and complicate management due to increased prescriptions and adverse drug effects, declining functional status, and more frequent health care utilization. Comorbidities are associated with poor outcomes in these patients, with worsened mortality, hospitalization, and quality of life. Clinicians should understand how to address common HF comorbidities to provide optimal care of patients with HF and avoid adverse outcomes.

Keywords: Anemia; Atrial fibrillation; Chronic kidney disease; Comorbidities; Diabetes; Heart failure; Hypertension; Management.