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Editorial
. 2025 Oct 27.
doi: 10.1007/s41999-025-01335-4. Online ahead of print.

The sarcopenia conundrum: why muscle ultrasound does (or does not) have a future

Stany Perkisas  1 , Carly Welch  2   3 , George Soulis  4
Affiliations
Editorial

The sarcopenia conundrum: why muscle ultrasound does (or does not) have a future

Stany Perkisas et al. Eur Geriatr Med. .

Abstract

In underground engineering, support systems act as stress compensation mechanisms for the redistributed stress field in surrounding rock after excavation. This study focuses on post-peak granite-damaged rock strata entering the post-failure state through excavation-induced stress unloading. Triaxial compression tests under an initial confining pressure of 5 MPa were conducted using a novel cyclic confining pressure unloading-reloading (CPUR) path. Experimental results show that: (1) post-peak confining pressure unloading reduces residual strength by 65-75%; (2) confining pressure compensation restores strength with recovery rates of 24.5%-171.3%; and (3) compensation parameters correlate strongly with recovered strength (R2 = 0.96). Energy analysis reveals that 0.56-4.5% of dissipated strain energy can be recovered through optimized pressure compensation. Based on energy residual recovery rate evolution, empirical and theoretical models for predicting residual strength enhancement were established. A case study of a shallow-buried large-span metro tunnel in Qingdao validates the compensation strategy, demonstrating effective deformation control and strength recovery. This research provides key insights into rock-support interactions under cyclic loading and proposes a novel theoretical framework for optimizing underground support design.

Keywords: Compensation method; Confining pressure; Energy evolution; Post-peak granite; Strength recovery; Triaxial test.

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