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. 2025 Oct 27;19(1):287.
doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01650-8.

Rapid nanocatalytic approach for azo dye degradation using bi-ligand nickle based-metal organic frameworks

Aya A Mouhamed  1 , Ahmed Elsayed  2 , Noha Mostafa  2 , Amr M Mahmoud  3   2 , Amr Elshaer  4 , Aya T Soudi  3
Affiliations

Rapid nanocatalytic approach for azo dye degradation using bi-ligand nickle based-metal organic frameworks

Aya A Mouhamed et al. BMC Chem. .

Abstract

A novel bi-ligand nickel-based metal-organic framework (Ni-BTC-PYDC MOF) was synthesized using benzene tricarboxylic acid (BTC) and pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PYDC) as ligands. This MOF showed improved surface area, structural stability, and electron transfer compared to mono-ligand Ni-MOFs. Characterization by SEM, EDX, EDS mapping, XRD, and FT-IR confirmed its enhanced morphology and nickel content. The catalyst rapidly reduced methyl orange (MO) dye in water, achieving rapid and significant decolorization within 90 s using sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) under mild conditions. It maintained high activity over ten reuse cycles with minimal loss, performing best at pH 5 due to efficient hydride generation and proton-assisted electron transfer. These findings demonstrate that the bi-ligand Ni-MOF is a promising, stable, and reusable catalyst for removing toxic azo dyes from wastewater.

Keywords: Azo-dyes; Bi-ligand Ni-MOFs; Environmental remediation; Metal organic frameworks; Methyl orange.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic diagram of the mono-ligand and bi-ligand Ni-MOFs synthesis procedure
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A SEM image of bi-ligand Ni-MOFs and B SEM image of mono-ligand Ni-MOFs
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
a EDX of bi-ligand Ni-MOFs, and b EDX of mono-ligand Ni-MOFs
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
a FT-IR spectra of bi-ligand Ni-MOFs, and b FT-IR spectra of mono-ligand Ni-MOFs
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Degradation of MO azodye using NaBH4, with and without the synthesized catalysts monoligand Ni-MOFs, biligand Ni-MOFs for 400 S
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
UV-Vis spectra for degradation of MO at 25 °C in presence of NaBH4 and bi-ligand Ni-MOFs
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Schematic diagram of MO degradation by NaBH4 in presence of bi-ligand Ni-MOFs as nanocatalyst
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Comparison between bi-ligand and mono ligand Ni-MOFs in degrading MO using NaBH₄ as reducing agent
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Kinetics plot of ln [A] against reaction time for catalytic reduction of MO using bi-ligand Ni-MOFs
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
The percentage degradation of MO using mono and bi-ligand Ni-MOFs as nanocatalysts over ten cycles
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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