Effects of Chewing Gum on Plaque Index: A 3-Dimensional Colorimetric Analysis

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of xylitol- and fluoride-containing chewing gum in reducing dental plaque using a novel 3D colorimetric analysis, and to compare results with the Plaque Control Record (PCR). Methods: An acute intervention study was conducted on 34 healthy adults (18-45 years). A plaque-disclosing solution was applied, and intraoral scans were taken before and after 15 min of gum mastication. Plaque was quantified with PCR and the Placca Read software, which analyzes colorimetric patterns of scanned images. Statistical analyses (Shapiro-Wilk test, paired t-test) were performed with Jamovi Software version 1.6.14. Results: A significant reduction in plaque scores was observed after chewing gum (p < 0.05). Mean reduction reached -14.8% in the experimental group versus -3.9% in controls, where natural saliva flow and pigment washout may explain the modest decline. The 3D analysis provided precise measurements across all dental surfaces and showed strong correlation with PCR, supporting its validity. Conclusions: These findings indicate that functional chewing gum can significantly reduce plaque accumulation even after a single use, and that 3D colorimetric analysis offers a reliable, comprehensive alternative to conventional indices.

Keywords: biofilms; chewing gum; colorimetry; dental plaque; oral hygiene; plaque index.

Figure 1

Images of the intraoral scansion. (a) before use of chewing gum. (b) after use of chewing gum. (c) difference before and after use of chewing gum.

Figure 2

Placca Read software in one subject showing the pixel analysis: the pink color represents surfaces covered by plaque before (a) and after 15 min of chewing gum (b).