Orthopedics in Pregnancy: Exploring Challenges and Solutions

Abstract

Pregnancy is associated with significant musculoskeletal adaptations due to hormonal, biomechanical, and postural changes. These often result in conditions such as low back pain (LBP), pelvic girdle pain (PGP), transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH), and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), impacting maternal health and quality of life. To explore common orthopedic challenges during pregnancy, review underlying mechanisms, and evaluate current and emerging management strategies. A literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed and Scopus, covering publications from 2000 to 2024. Studies addressing the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of pregnancy-related musculoskeletal conditions were analyzed. LBP and PGP are the most frequently reported issues, largely due to ligamentous laxity and altered posture. TOH and CTS, though less common, present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Physical therapy remains the mainstay of treatment, supported by evidence for interventions such as kinesio taping, acupuncture, and psychological support. Multidisciplinary approaches improve maternal outcomes; however, limited standardized diagnostic criteria and insufficient data on long-term effects hinder optimal care. Musculoskeletal disorders in pregnancy are common and affect daily functioning. Early diagnosis and individualized, non-invasive multidisciplinary management are essential. Further research is required to refine diagnostic protocols and evaluate the efficacy of emerging therapeutic modalities.

Keywords: Low back pain; multidisciplinary care; musculoskeletal disorders; pregnancy.