Conflicts of interest Dr Silvia Mariel Ferrucci is a speaker; is in the advisory board member; and/or is the principal investigator in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Bayer, Incyte, Galderma, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, and Sanofi. Dr Angelo Valerio Marzano reports consultancy and/or advisory board honoraria from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB. Dr Michael Ardern-Jones is a Consultant, speaker, and grant holder for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Galderma, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen, LeoPharma, Eli Lilly, Mission, Novartis, Pfizer, PPD, Regeneron, Sanofi, UCB, Unilever, and UpToDate. Dr Carsten Flohr is the Chief Investigator of the UK-Irish Atopic eczema Systemic Therapy Register (A-STAR; ISRCTN11210918). He also leads the Horizon 2020 Joint Program Initiative-funded Trans-Foods consortium. He has also received compensation from the British Journal of Dermatology (reviewer and Section Editor) and EuroGuiDerm (guidelines lead) and honoraria from AbbVie, Almirall, Apogee, Bioderma, Incyte, LEO, Pfizer, and Sanofi/Regeneron as a speaker/consultant. Dr Yael Anne Leshem is a consultant or speaker bureau for AbbVie, Sanofi, J&J Innovative Medicine, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and Genentech; is in the advisory boards for Sanofi, Regeneron, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, AbbVie, and Dexcel Pharma; received an independent research grant from AbbVie; and, without personal compensation, is the investigator for Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, and AbbVie. Dr Mette Deleuran received research support, honoraria for lecturing, and/or consulting/advisory board agreements from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, LEO Pharma, Incyte, La Roche Posay, NUMAB Therapeutics AG, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Sanofi Genzyme, Almirall, UCB, and Kymab. Dr Christian Vestergaard is the investigator for AbbVie A/S, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetique, Novartis, LEO Pharma, Sanofi, Almirall, Galderma, and Pfizer. He has served on advisory boards for Astellas Pharma, Almirall, Sanofi, AbbVie, Galderma, Leo Pharma, and MEDA and has been a speaker for LEO Pharma, Astellas, MSD, AbbVie, Novartis Almirall, Sanofi, and Pfizer. Dr DirkJan Hijnen is the investigator for AbbVie, Almirall, LEO Pharma, AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Sanofi and received consultancies for AbbVie, Sanofi, LEO Pharma, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Janssen, Pfizer, and Lilly. Dr Scott A. Elman is a consultant and/or investigator for Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clinuvel, EMD-Serono, Insmed, and Pfizer. Dr Daniel Butler is an advisor for Sanofi, Galderma, Leo, and Boehringer Ingelheim; is the speaker for Novartis, Sanofi, and Leo; and is an investigator for Pizer, AbbVie, and Incyte. Dr Raj Chovatiya is an advisor, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Alumis, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Apogee Therapeutics, Arcutis Biotherapeutics Inc, Argenx, Astria Therapeutics Inc, Avalere Health, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Celldex CLn Skin Care, Dermavant, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Serono, Formation Bio, Galderma, Genentech, GSK, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Kenvue, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Nektar Therapeutics, Novartis, Opsidio, Pfizer Inc, RAPT, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sitryx, Takeda, TRex Bio, UCB, and Zai Lab. Dr Giampiero Girolomoni received personal fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Galderma, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, LEO Pharma, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Samsung bioepis, and Sanofi. Dr Alexandra K. Golant is a consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Dr Paula C. Luna received consulting fees, honoraria, or grant support or lecturing fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Galderma, GSK, Janssen, La Roche Posay, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre Laboratory, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Takeda. Dr Dedee F. Murrell is an investigator for Regeneron, Genzyme/Sanofi, Galderma, AbbVie, Arena Arcutis, Attovia, BMS, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Evelo, Incyte, Kineska, LeoPharma, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB; is in the advisory boards for Regeneron, Genzyme/Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Novartis; provided consulting for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Apogee Therapeutics, Incyte, UCB, Regeneron, and Genzyme/Sanofi. Dr Tiago Torres received support from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Apogee, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, J&J, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Sandoz, STADA, and UCB. Dr Rebecca Batchelor received honoraria for speaking and sponsorship to attend educational events from AbbVie, Novartis, Janssen, Sanofi, LEO Pharma, UCB, Almirall, and Lilly. Dr Alan D. Irvine is a consultant and/or advisory board member and/or is on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for AbbVie, Arena Pharmaceuticals, BenevolentAI, Eli Lilly and Company, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi; has received research grants from AbbVie and Pfizer; is on the board of directors of the International Eczema Council; provides research support to Regeneron; and is on the speaker's bureau for AbbVie, Eli Lilly and Company, Regeneron, and Sanofi Genzyme. Dr Julia-Tatjana Maul served as advisor and/or received speaking fees and/or participated in clinical trials sponsored by AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen-Cilag, LEO Pharma, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB. Dr Bibiana Pérez is a consultant or speaker for Sanofi, Pfizer, Galderma, AbbVie, and LEO Pharma. Dr David Rosmarin was consulted, spoken for, or conducted trials for the following companies: AbbVie, Abcuro, Almirall, AltruBio, Amgen, Arena, Astria, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Celgene, Concert, CSL Behring, Dermavant, Dermira, Dualitas, Edesa Biotech, EMD Serono, Forte Biosciences, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Kymera, Kyowa Kirin, Lilly, Merck, Nektar, Novartis, Pfizer, RAPT, Regeneron, Recludix, Revolo Biotherapeutics, Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceuticals, UCB, VielaBio, and Zura Bio. Dr Brittney Schultz is the Principal Investigator for UCB and serves on advisory boards for Regeneron/Sanofi and Argenx, for which honoraria were received. Dr Nanette B. Silverberg is the speaker, advisor, or researcher for Avita, AbbVie, Lilly, Pelthos, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Verrica. Dr Anber Ancel Tanaka is in the advisory board of AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, and UCB Biopharma; is a consultant, lecturer, and investigator for AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novartis; is a consultant and lecturer for Janssen, LEO Pharma, and UCB Biopharma; is a lecturer for Pfizer and Sanofi; and is in the advisory board of Pfizer. Dr Selim Aractingi is the Symposia speaker and board member for Pierre Fabre, BMS, and UCB. Christine Bangert is in the Speaker bureau and/or advisory board from ALK, Mylan, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Almirall, Schuelke&Mayr GmbH, A. Menarini Pharma, and AbbVie and is the investigator for Almirall, Novartis, Sanofi, AbbVie, Elli Lilly, LEO Pharma, and Galderma. Dr Raja Sivamani is a consultant or speaker for Arbonne, Trace Minerals, Codex Labs, Burt's Bees, Image Skincare, Novartis, Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Phothera, Nutrafol, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, AbbVie, Arcutis, LEO Pharma, UCB, and Sun and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. Dr Jenny E. Murase is in the speaker bureau for Regeneron, Genzyme/Sanofi, Galderma, Eli Lilly, LEO Pharma, AbbVie, and UCB; is in the advisory boards for Regeneron, Genzyme/Sanofi, Eli Lilly, UCB, Arcutis, and Bristol Myers Squibb; provided consulting for AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Apogee Therapeutics, Attovia, UCB, Regeneron, Genzyme/Sanofi, and UpToDate. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.