Impact of remote biometric sensing on readmission risk and mortality after hospital discharge: Insights from a Systematic Review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Unplanned hospital readmissions are associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and financial burden. This study evaluated the association between the use of remote biometric sensing devices (RBS) and all-cause readmission and mortality rates among adult patients discharged from the hospital.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Global Health from inception to August 2023. Eligible studies assessed adult patients using RBS devices, defined as tools capable of automatically or manually measuring at least one biometric marker beyond physical activity, after hospital discharge. Studies required a comparison group and reported all-cause readmission rates. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were summarized using random-effects models to account for variability. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on study design, follow-up period postdischarge, and index discharge diagnosis.

Results: Out of 9363 identified studies, 39 studies (23 RCTs, 14 cohort studies, and two nonrandomized trials) comprising 160,857 patients met the inclusion criteria. RBS use was associated with lower risk of all-cause readmission (RR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67-0.84, I² = 72.3%); especially within 30-day postdischarge (RR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64-0.87; I² = 35%). Among the subgroup of postsurgical patients, RBS use was associated with an 18% lower all-cause readmission risk (RR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.98; I² = 0%). RBS use was associated with lower 30-day mortality risk (RR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46-0.85), with no significant associations thereafter.

Conclusion: Among patients recently discharged from the hospital, RBS use is associated with improved short-term outcomes. Future studies are needed to validate these findings.