Retraction notice to "Severe plastic deformation: Nanostructured materials, metal-based and polymer-based nanocomposites: A review" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e22559]

M Fattahi^{1

2}, Chou-Yi Hsu³, Anfal Omar Ali⁴, Zaid H Mahmoud⁵, N P Dang^{1

2}, Ehsan Kianfar^{6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
² School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
³ Department of pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
⁴ Ministry of education, general directorate of education in Diyala, third teacher, Bint Al Rafidain secondary school for girls, Iraq.
⁵ Chemistry department, college of science, university of Diyala, Iraq.
⁶ Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Pure Sciences Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁷ Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
⁸ Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.

M Fattahi et al. Heliyon. 2025.

. 2025 Jul 5;11(12):e43600.

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43600. eCollection 2025 Jul.

M Fattahi^{1

2}, Chou-Yi Hsu³, Anfal Omar Ali⁴, Zaid H Mahmoud⁵, N P Dang^{1

2}, Ehsan Kianfar^{6

7

8}

¹ Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
² School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
³ Department of pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
⁴ Ministry of education, general directorate of education in Diyala, third teacher, Bint Al Rafidain secondary school for girls, Iraq.
⁵ Chemistry department, college of science, university of Diyala, Iraq.
⁶ Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Pure Sciences Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁷ Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
⁸ Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.

Abstract

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22559.].

Severe plastic deformation: Nanostructured materials, metal-based and polymer-based nanocomposites: A review.
Fattahi M, Hsu CY, Ali AO, Mahmoud ZH, Dang NP, Kianfar E. Fattahi M, et al. Heliyon. 2023 Nov 23;9(12):e22559. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22559. eCollection 2023 Dec. Heliyon. 2023. Retraction in: Heliyon. 2025 Jul 05;11(12):e43600. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43600. PMID: 38107327 Free PMC article. Retracted. Review.