Pharmacogenetics in advanced Parkinson's disease

Jaime Kulisevsky^{1

2

3

4

5}, Pedro García-Ruíz^{6

7}, Tiago Fleming Outeiro^{8

9}, Tanya Gurevich¹⁰, Péter Klivènyi^{11

12}, Teus Van Laar¹³, Ivan Milanov¹⁴, Walter Pirker¹⁵, Bogdan O Popescu¹⁶, Mathias Toft^{17

18}, József Attila Szász^{19

20}

Affiliations

¹ Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
² Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, c/Mas Casanovas 90, 08040, Barcelona, Spain. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
³ Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
⁴ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
⁵ 2nd Clinic of Neurology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
⁶ Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
⁷ Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁸ Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
⁹ Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
¹⁰ Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Science & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
¹¹ Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
¹² Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
¹³ Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, the Netherlands.
¹⁴ University Neurological and Psychiatric Hospital "St. Naum", Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria.
¹⁶ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁷ Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁸ Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁹ GE Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu , Târgu Mureș, Romania.
²⁰ 2nd Clinic of Neurology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania.

PMID: 41222708
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-025-03057-0

Review

Pharmacogenetics in advanced Parkinson's disease

Jaime Kulisevsky et al. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2025 Nov.

. 2025 Nov;132(11):1719-1726.

doi: 10.1007/s00702-025-03057-0. Epub 2025 Nov 12.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
² Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, c/Mas Casanovas 90, 08040, Barcelona, Spain. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
³ Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
⁴ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
⁵ 2nd Clinic of Neurology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania. jkulisevsky@santpau.cat.
⁶ Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
⁷ Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁸ Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
⁹ Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
¹⁰ Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Science & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
¹¹ Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
¹² Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
¹³ Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ, the Netherlands.
¹⁴ University Neurological and Psychiatric Hospital "St. Naum", Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria.
¹⁶ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
¹⁷ Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁸ Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁹ GE Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu , Târgu Mureș, Romania.
²⁰ 2nd Clinic of Neurology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania.

PMID: 41222708
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-025-03057-0

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a wide variety of symptoms and evolution. In addition, the response to antiparkinsonian medication is not predictable, especially for those patients with advanced PD. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics may help to decide the best available treatment based on the genetic background of the patients. This approach has been already used in Oncology leading to personalized pharmacology. In this article, we review and comment the updated information regarding pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics applied to PD.

Keywords: Parkinson´s disease; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomics.

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References

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Pharmacogenetics in advanced Parkinson's disease

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Pharmacogenetics in advanced Parkinson's disease

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Medical